雅鲁藏布江大拐弯北段区域工程地质及其对地质灾害发育的影响

川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段位于雅鲁藏布江大拐弯北部,是地质灾害频发的地区,而地质灾害的发生受当地的地质、气候、水文、人类活动等多种因素的影响,其中地质条件是控制因素。研究区位于东喜马拉雅构造结北缘,是地质构造活动最强烈的地区。在地质构造上,东喜马拉雅构造结属于冈底斯、雅鲁藏布和喜马拉雅三个构造单元。区内构造的形成经历了3个时期7个阶段。川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段的地层属于冈底斯-念青唐古拉区中的拉萨-波密分区,第四纪冰碛发育。由于强烈的地质构造活动,区内断层、褶皱等构造发育,许多断裂仍在活动,尤其是嘉黎断裂。由于地质灾害的形成需要一定的条件,并受地质条件控制,因此区内地质灾害的分布具有明显的空间特征。     

柴河铅锌矿成矿物质来源初步探讨

柴河铅矿成矿物质来源是多源的。矿质来源主要来自下伏的老基底岩石,部分来自矿床围岩——高于庄组条带状白云岩。基底岩石中的含矿热卤水,沿NF1这条切割震旦系地层到达基底岩石的断裂上升,运移到震旦系高于庄组成矿有利围岩（条带状白云岩）中并在有利部位富集成矿。     

当前贵州省矿产资源储量勘查地质报告存在的主要问题及建议

就贵州省当前矿产资源储量勘查地质报告中出现的问题进行了梳理,指出了问题的所在,提出应引起注意和重视的问题及改进建议。     

四川眉山芒硝矿主要环境地质问题与防治对策

眉山市芒硝矿开采和生产过程中的主要环境地质问题是矿区地下水和地表水疏干、污染及矿区土壤污染等,影响了矿山及附近居民的生产生活,威胁了人民的身体健康。本文在芒硝矿山环境地质问题调查的基础上,针对存在的主要问题,提出了防治措施。     

浑河断裂带(抚顺段)近期活动性与地质灾害的关系

通过对浑河断裂带（抚顺段）的地质调查、人工地震勘查、断裂绝对年龄测定、跨断裂形变测量等资料的综合分析与研究,讨论了断裂构造的近期活动特征,并据此认为浑河断裂自晚更新世以来若非人类工程活动扰动是没有活动的,现今的断裂活化效应是由于大量的人类采煤活动造成的。由于断裂的活化效应破坏了抚顺煤田及其周围区域原始构造应力场的平衡状态,为达到新的平衡必然导致应力的重新集中与释放,在此过程中伴随产生了抚顺煤田广泛发育的滑坡、地面沉陷、矿震、地裂缝等地质灾害。     

中国大陆密度和地震波速扰动异常的年龄属性研究

大陆动力学研究需要物质随空间和时间的变化的信息。三维密度和地震波速度扰动图像反映岩石圈物质的空间分布,要和大地构造学中的时间尺度信息综合起来,才能恢复动力学作用的过程。本文通过对比不同构造期的构造图和地壳不同深度的地球物理性质图像,研究中国大陆密度以及地震波速度扰动和构造事件的相关度。研究表明,岩石圈地幔的密度和波速扰动和现今板块构造的相关度是高的,说明岩石圈地幔的密度大黏度高,不仅地震波速快得多,物质蠕动的速度也比下地壳慢得多,板块运动产生的变形保存时间比较久。中国大陆中地壳的密度扰动和白垩纪以来的构造事件的相关度是高的,说明中地壳的密度扰动主要反映了白垩纪以来的构造事件。中国大陆上地壳结晶基底的密度扰动和侏罗纪以来的构造事件的相关度是高的,说明上地壳的密度扰动可以反映燕山期的构造事件。对于中国大陆而言,下地壳的波速变化和板块构造没有明显的相关性;不过下地壳深层的密度扰动也反映新构造期的构造事件。其原因可能是因为下地壳的物质黏度比较低,物质蠕动的速度比岩石圈地幔快得多,板块运动产生的变形不容易保存。总之,应用不同深度的密度扰动图像分别推测不同地质时期的地壳构造运动发生的地点和范围是可...     

Large to intermediate-scale aquifer heterogeneity in fine-grain dominated alluvial fans (Cenozoic As Pontes Basin,northwestern Spain): insight based on three-dimensional geostatistical reconstruction

Facies reconstructions are used in hydrogeology to improve the interpretation of aquifer permeability distribution. In the absence of sufficient data to define the heterogeneity due to geological processes, uncertainties in the distribution of aquifer hydrofacies and characteristics may appear. Geometric and geostatistical methods are used to understand and model aquifer hydrofacies distribution, providing models to improve comprehension and development of aquifers. However, these models require some input statistical parameters that can be difficult to infer from the study site. A three-dimensional reconstruction of a kilometer scale fine-grain dominated Cenozoic alluvial fan derived from more than 200 continuously cored, closely spaced, and regularly distributed wells is presented. The facies distributions were reconstructed using a genetic stratigraphic subdivision and a deterministic geostatistical algorithm. The reconstruction is only slightly affected by variations in the geostatistical input parameters because of the high-density data set. Analysis of the reconstruction allowed identification in the proximal to medial alluvial fan zones of several laterally extensive sand bodies with relatively higher permeability; these sand bodies were quantified in terms of volume, mean thickness, maximum area, and maximum equivalent diameter. These quantifications provide trends and geological scenarios for input statistical parameters to model aquifer systems in similar alluvial fan depositional settings.     

A computational method for approximating a Darcy–Stokes system governing a vuggy porous medium

We develop and analyze a mixed finite element method for the solution of an elliptic system modeling a porous medium with large cavities, called vugs. It consists of a second-order elliptic (i.e., Darcy) equation on part of the domain coupled to a Stokes equation on the rest of the domain, and a slip boundary condition (due to Beavers–Joseph–Saffman) on the interface between them. The tangential velocity is not continuous on the interface. We consider a 2-D vuggy porous medium with many small cavities throughout its extent, so the interface is not isolated. We use a certain conforming Stokes element on rectangles, slightly modified near the interface to account for the tangential discontinuity. This gives a mixed finite element method for the entire Darcy–Stokes system with a regular sparsity pattern that is easy to implement, independent of the vug geometry, as long as it aligns with the grid. We prove optimal global first-order L ² convergence of the velocity and pressure, as well as the velocity gradient in the Stokes domain. Numerical results verify these rates of convergence and even suggest somewhat better convergence in certain situations. Finally, we present a lower dimensional space that uses Raviart–Thomas elements in the Darcy domain and uses our new modified elements near the interface in transition to the Stokes elements.     

A coupling of mixed and continuous Galerkin finite element methods for poroelasticity I: the continuous in time case

In this paper, we formulate a finite element procedure for approximating the coupled fluid and mechanics in Biot’s consolidation model of poroelasticity. Here, we approximate the pressure by a mixed finite element method and the displacements by a Galerkin method. Theoretical convergence error estimates are derived in a continuous in-time setting for a strictly positive constrained specific storage coefficient. Of particular interest is the case when the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas approximating space or cell-centered finite differences are used in the mixed formulation, and continuous piecewise linear approximations are used for displacements. This approach appears to be the one most frequently applied to existing reservoir engineering simulators.     

辽宁红透山铜锌矿床地质特征及成因浅析

红透山铜锌矿床赋存于辽北太古宙绿岩红透山岩组,为极具工业意义的大型矿床.通过对矿石H、O、S、Pb同位素特征的分析,结合矿床矿体形态、矿石结构、构造及围岩蚀变等宏观特征,认为红透山铜锌矿床成矿物质来源于太古宙晚期火山-沉积岩系,成矿流体来源于变质水和大气降水,成矿热力来源于变质作用,从而认为红透山铜锌矿床属“火山-沉积变质热液叠加”型层控矿床.