MAX: Formation flying for nuclear astrophysics

In 2004 CNES decided to perform 4 phase 0 studies dedicated to Astrophysics and achieved thanks to Formation Flying space systems: ASPICS (A Solar Physics Mission to observe in UV and Visible the Solar Corona between 1.01 and 3.2 Solar Radius), PEGASE (an IR interferometry mission to observe Hot Jupiter, Brown Dwarfs and Proto planetary disks), SIMBOL-X (hard X-rays telescope to observe: Accretion onto compact objects, Black Holes, obscured Galactic Nuclei, ˙˙˙˙) and MAX (a Nuclear Astrophysics Mission to observe: Supernovae, Neutron Stars,˙). For this last mission, presented here, two spectral bands around important gamma-ray lines have been selected (450–530 and 800–900 keV). The formation flight allows to realise a long focal length of 80–90 m which is necessary to build a reasonably sized gamma-ray telescope based on a Laue crystal lens. The Space System design allows to have a good spacecrafts mass margin in High Elliptical Orbit with a Soyuz launch (Initial Orbit: Perigee altitude ∼44,000 km and Apogee altitude ∼253,000 km).     

Structure and Evolution of White Dwarfs and their Interaction with the Local Interstellar Medium

The development of far-UV astronomy has been particularly important for the study of hot white dwarf stars. A significant fraction of their emergent flux appears in the far-UV and traces of elements heavier than hydrogen or helium are, in general, only detected in this waveband or at shorter wavelengths that are also only accessible from space. Although white dwarfs have been studied in the far-UV throughout the past ∼25 years, since the launch of IUE, only a few tens of objects have been studied in great detail and a much larger sample is required to gain a detailed understanding of the evolution of hot white dwarfs and the physical processes that determine their appearance. We review here the current knowledge regarding hot white dwarfs and outline what work needs to be carried out by future far-UV observatories.     

Plant Seeds as Model Vectors for the Transfer of Life Through Space

We consider plant seeds as terrestrial models for a vectored life form that could protect biological information in space. Seeds consist of maternal tissue surrounding and protecting an embryo. Some seeds resist deleterious conditions found in space: ultra low vacuum, extreme temperatures and radiation, including intense UV light. In a receptive environment, seeds could liberate a viable embryo, viable higher cells or a viable free-living organism (an endosymbiont or endophyte). Even if viability is lost, seeds still contain functional macro and small molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, amino acids, lipids, etc.) that could provide the chemical basis for starting or modifying life. The possible release of endophytes or endosymbionts from a seed-like space traveler suggests that multiple domains of life, defined in DNA sequence phylogenies, could be disseminated simultaneously from Earth. We consider the possibility of exospermia, the outward transfer of life, as well as introspermia, the inward transfer of life–both as a contemporary and ancient events.     

航天飞机搭载筒及其宇宙尘和空间碎片捕集器

本文介绍航天飞机搭载简,搭载天文仪器进行空间天文观测。用该简装载宇宙尘及空间碎片捕集器,开展宇宙尘及空间碎片的捕集与研究。     

Advances in numerical modeling of astrophysical and space plasmas

Plasma science is rich in distinguishable scales ranging from the atomic to the galactic to the meta-galactic, i.e., themesoscale. Thus plasma science has an important contribution to make in understanding the connection between microscopic and macroscopic phenomena. Plasma is a system composed of a large number of particles which interact primarily, but not exclusively, through the electromagnetic field. The problem of understanding the linkages and couplings in multi-scale processes is a frontier problem of modern science involving fields as diverse as plasma phenomena in the laboratory to galactic dynamics.Unlike the first three states of matter, plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, involves the mesoscale and its interdisciplinary founding have drawn upon various subfields of physics including engineering, astronomy, and chemistry. Basic plasma research is now posed to provide, with major developments in instrumentation and large-scale computational resources, fundamental insights into the properties of matter on scales ranging from the atomic to the galactic. In all cases, these are treated as mesoscale systems. Thus, basic plasma research, when applied to the study of astrophysical and space plasmas, recognizes that the behavior of the near-earth plasma environment may depend to some extent on the behavior of the stellar plasma, that may in turn be governed by galactic plasmas. However, unlike laboratory plasmas, astrophysical plasmas will forever be inaccessible to in situ observation. The inability to test concepts and theories of large-scale plasmas leaves only virtual testing as a means to understand the universe. Advances in in computer technology and the capability of performing physics first principles, fully three-dimensional, particle-in-cell simulations, are making virtual testing a viable alternative to verify our predictions about the far universe.The first part of this paper explores the dynamical and fluid properties of the plasma state, plasma kinetics, and the radiation emitted from plasmas. The second part of this paper outlines the formulation for the particle-in-cell simulation of astrophysical plasmas and advances in simulational techniques and algorithms, as-well-as the advances that may be expected as the computational resource grows to petaflop speed/memory capabilities.Dedicated to the memories of Hannes Alfvén and Oscar Buneman; Founders of the Subject.     

空间硬X射线探测器的本底抑制

空间硬X射线探测器的本底是影响其性能的关键因素，其成分比较复杂，讨论本底抑制的几种方法，并对常用的几种屏蔽材料通过实验和计算进行比较，给出实验了结果。     

FAST在深空探测中的应用前景

FAST（Five hundred meters Aperture Spherical Telescope)拟利用贵州省的喀斯特洼地，建立世界上最大的500米口径的球面射电望远镜。主动反射面新概念的提出，实现了望远镜的宽频带和全偏振能力；馈源及支撑系统简化的方案，使FAST对天体和航天器的跟踪范围得到很大的补充。分析预研中的FAST的测控功能，并论证其在未来深空网（DSN）中的重要作用和地位及开展国际合作的可能性。     

空间太阳望远镜1m主镜支撑结构的研究

本文对正在预研中的空间太阳望远镜的关键部件之一1m主镜，提出一种合理的支撑结构系统，此系统可以兼顾空间太阳望远镜光学系统的地面装校调试的有效性和火箭发射力学环境中的安全性以及入轨后正常观测时的高精度性。     

用地磁场总强度空间线性相关方法对辽宁省内及周围地区几次中强地震的预报总结

用地磁场总强度空间线性相关方法，分析了辽宁省及周围地区几次中强地震发震的地磁前兆特点，并给出了发震时间、地点的判别方法。     

数字伸缩仪三分量空间合成分析及映震研究

利用“十五”改造后的抚顺地震台数字伸缩仪三方向的数据作为研究对象,经过大量的数学计算和MATLAB设计程序绘制图形,通过坐标和数据变换将过去基线上的研究,转换成空间和面上的研究.从中捕捉地震前兆异常.