The watermass variability and southward shift of the Southern Hemispheremid-depth supergyre

The Southern Hemisphere subtropical supergyre at intermediate depths connects all three ocean basins and plays a significant role in responding and conveying the climate-change-related variations in the glob- al ocean. On the basis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/SODA） ocean reanalysis, the thermohaline variability and southward shift of the mid-depth supergyre are demonstrated. The steric height of the sub- surface relative to 1 500 m （400-1 500 m） from the SODA depicts exactly the flow patterns and variability of the oceanic supergyre. During 1958-2007 the water masses in the gyre interiors become cooler/fresher, with the significant exceptions of the Agulhas Current system and Agulhas leakage. The results also exhibit a pronounced strengthening of the inter-basin connection of the supergyre, and the strongest southward shift, by about 2.5° over the whole period, occurs in the central-south Pacific, which is associated with the changes in the basin-scale wind forcing.     

Ocean/ice shelf interaction in the southern Weddell Sea: results of a regional numerical helium/neon simulation

Ocean/ice interaction at the base of deep-drafted Antarctic ice shelves modifies the physical properties of inflowing shelf waters to become Ice Shelf Water (ISW). In contrast to the conditions at the atmosphere/ocean interface, the increased hydrostatic pressure at the glacial base causes gases embedded in the ice to dissolve completely after being released by melting. Helium and neon, with an extremely low solubility, are saturated in glacial meltwater by more than 1000%. At the continental slope in front of the large Antarctic caverns, ISW mixes with ambient waters to form different precursors of Antarctic Bottom Water. A regional ocean circulation model, which uses an explicit formulation of the ocean/ice shelf interaction to describe for the first time the input of noble gases to the Southern Ocean, is presented. The results reveal a long-term variability of the basal mass loss solely controlled by the interaction between waters of the continental shelf and the ice shelf cavern. Modeled helium and neon supersaturations from the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf front show a “low-pass” filtering of the inflowing signal due to cavern processes. On circumpolar scales, the simulated helium and neon distributions allow us to quantify the ISW contribution to bottom water, which spreads with the coastal current connecting the major formation sites in Ross and Weddell Seas.

华北陆块南缘中生代合峪花岗岩的地球化学特征与成因

合峪花岗岩基位于华北陆块南缘外方山地区,为豫西地区燕山期最大的岩基,出露总面积达784km2,有多期侵入的特点,可划分为6个单元。主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄资料表明,合峪花岗岩基侵位时间为148.2~135.3Ma。合峪花岗岩基的SiO2=67.16%~75.43%,Al2O3=13.29%~15.92%,MgO=0.26%~1.12%,K2O+Na2O8%,Na2O/K2O=0.88~1.43,属于高钾钙碱性系列,ACNK=0.94~1.09,为准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩。岩体轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损((La/Yb)N=14.5×10-6~49.9×10-6,平均值27.2×10-6),Sr含量变化较大(102×10-6~848×10-6,平均290×10-6),Y、Yb含量低(Y=3.21×10-6~17.3×10-6;Yb=0.43×10-6~2.16×10-6),Eu弱亏损(δEu=0.57~0.89),反映熔体发生过长石分离结晶作用,源岩部分熔融生成熔体时残留相组合中没有或很少有长石的存在。合峪花岗岩基ISr=0.7071~0.7090,εSr(t)=40.8~65.9,εNd(t)=-16.4~-11.2,其tDM2为1.85~2.27Ga;锆石的εHf(t)主要集中于-25.39~-5.25之间,tDM2年龄介于1301~2846Ma。同位素数据显示合峪花岗岩基的源岩主要为南秦岭及扬子地块结晶基底,还混有少量熊耳群及太华群的物质。综合区域地质演化,认为合峪花岗岩基形成于秦岭造山带中生代陆内俯冲,岩石圈增厚,幔源岩浆上涌底侵导致下地壳部分熔融形成。     

Retrieving multi-scale climatic variations from high dimensional time-series MODIS green vegetation cover in a tropical/subtropical mountainous island

【Title】
There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of vegetation responses to multi-scale climate-related variables in tropical/subtropical mountainous islands in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, this study investigated inter-annual vegetation dynamics and regular/irregular climate patterns in Taiwan. We applied principal component analysis （PCA） on 11 years （2001~2011） of high-dimensional monthly photosynthetically active vegetation cover （PV） derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and investigated the relationships between spatiotemporal patterns of the eigenvectors and loadings of each component through time and multi-scale climate-related variations. Results showed that the first five components contributed to 96.4% of the total variance. The first component （PC1, explaining 94.5% of variance） loadings, as expected, were significantly correlated with the temporal dynamics of the PV （r = 0.94）, which was mainly governed by regional climate. The temporal loadings of PC2 and PC3 （0.8% and 0.6% of variance, respectively） were significantly correlated with the temporal dynamics of the PV of forests （r = 0.72） and the farmlands （r = 0.80）, respectively. The low-order components （PC4 and PC5, 0.3% and 0.2% of variance, respectively） were closely related to the occurrence of drought （r = 0.49） and to irregular ENSO associated climate anomalies （r = -0.54）, respectively. Pronounced correlations were also observed between PC5 and the Southern Oscillation Index （SOI） with one to three months of time lags （r = -0.35 ~ -0.43, respectively）, revealing biophysical memory effects on the time-series pattern of the vegetation through ENSO-related rainfall patterns. Our findings reveal that the sensitivity of the ecosystems in this tropical/subtropical mountainous island may not only be regulated by regional climate and human activities but also be susceptible to large-scale climate anomalies which are crucial and comparable to previous large scale analyses. This study demonstrates that PCA can be an effective tool for analyzing seasonal and inter-annual variability of vegetation dynamics across this tropical/subtropical mountainous islandin the Pacific Ocean, which provides an opportunity to forecast the responses and feedbacks of terrestrial environments to future climate scenarios.     

南半球环状模与南极冰芯中气候信息关联研究综述

冰芯作为气候环境信息的良好载体,在研究过去大气环流异常中具有其他气候代用指标难以比拟的优势。本文重点综述了南极冰芯气候记录与南半球环状模(SAM-Southern Annular Mode)的关联特征:SAM与冰芯记录为同期变化,冰芯中NO-3、海盐组分(以Na+为代表)和水同位素比值δ18O同SAM指数具有较好的关联性;冰芯中SO2-4和MSA同SAM存在一定的关联,但相关性不显著;西南极冰芯记录的积累率同SAM具有较强的关联。需要说明的是,冰芯中各参数与SAM的相关性存在较大的空间差异。     

中国第26次南极考察南大洋碳通量评估

南大洋是大气CO2的重要汇区,而近几十年来这个汇出现了明显变化并成为了研究的热点。利用中国第26次南极考察期间雪龙船绕南极航行所获得的现场碳及相关参数观测数据,分析推导出海水pCO2及其主控因子(叶绿素和水温)之间的经验关系,并结合相关卫星遥感数据建立遥感外推算法,计算南大洋50°S以南海区碳通量分布,评估该海区对大气CO2的吸收能力。计算结果表明,2009年11月从90°E到90°W(顺时针方向),50°—75°S海域为CO2输送大气的弱源,平均输入大气通量为9.482 mol·m-2·month-1,碳释放量为0.001 779 5×1015gC;2009年12月从90°W—90°E(顺时针方向),50°—75°S海域为吸收大气CO2的弱汇,平均碳通量为-12.451 mol·m-2·month-1,碳吸收量为0.026 656×1015gC。将经验关系推导至该月份的50°—75°S整个南大洋的计算中发现,2009年11月南大洋为大气CO2的源,碳释放量为0.002 789 6×1015gC;在2009年12月南大洋为大气CO2的汇,碳吸收量是-0.003 503 5×1015gC。相比之前我们所观测的结果,南大洋的碳汇吸收能力呈现明显下降。     

基于ASCAT散射计数据的2012年南极周边海面风场特征分析

利用2012年全年的ASCAT散射计风场数据,对55°S以南的南极周边海域海面风场开展了时空分布特性统计分析。结果表明:对于南极周边海域,7月平均风速最大,为12 m·s-1,12月平均风速最小,为8 m·s-1,冬季大于夏季;该区域平均风速主要在9—12 m·s-1之间,全年出现的天数280天,约占全年的77%;风速10 m·s-1所占比例也是冬季大于夏季。从全年来看,南极周边海域在冬季(4—6月)和春季(7—9月)风速普遍较大。该区域0°W—60°W海域内风速明显比其他海域要小。     

The influence of air–sea–ice interactions on an anomalous phytoplankton bloom in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer, 2011

An anomalous phytoplankton bloom was recorded in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean (SO) during the austral summer, 2011. Possible mechanisms for the triggering of such a large bloom were analyzed with the help of in situ and satellite data. The bloom, which formed in January 2011, intensified during February and weakened by March. High surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (0.76 mg m⁻³) were observed in the area of the bloom (60°S, 47°E) with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) of 1.15 mg m⁻³ at a depth of 40–60 m. During 2011, both the concentration and spatial extent of sea ice were high on the western side of the bloom, between 0°E and 40°E, and enhanced freshwater influx was observed in the study area as a result of melting ice. A positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) (with a resultant northward horizontal advection) and an intense La Niña during 2010–2011 are possible reasons for the high sea-ice concentrations. The enhanced Chl a observed in the study region, which can be attributed to the phytoplankton bloom, likely resulted from the influx of nutrient-laden freshwater derived from melting sea ice.     

新世纪南黄海地震勘探成果与展望

进入21世纪后,针对南黄海海相残留盆地地震调查的难题,开展了反射特征理论模拟、采集与处理技术方法攻关与实践工作,取得了一系列的成果。介绍了南黄海地震勘探的主要进展与成果,在此基础上展望了近期的发展方向。     

南黄海磁性基底特征分析和综合解释

本文利用南通幅区域地质调查的重磁异常数据,在重磁异常特征分析的基础上,采用一维频谱分析法对南黄海进行磁性基底反演。结果表明:南黄海属于扬子块体向海域的延伸,具有元古代结晶基底和古生代褶皱基底的双基底结构,其磁性基底深度在2—10km之间变化,是褶皱基底与磁性层最小埋深的结合,在坳陷和隆起上表现不同。通过利用综合地质和地球物理综合方法,对南黄海区域的四大构造单元华北—狼林地块、扬子—京畿地块、华南—岭南地块、东海大陆架进行重磁异常变化特征和磁性基底特征分析,为研究区断裂等区域构造特征解释提供了依据。