中国海岸带分布规律及其海部要素变化检测

在海岸带图测绘完成后,海部要素的变化是导致海岸带图使用价值降低的重要因素.根据我国海岸的组成物质将其归纳为淤泥质海岸、沙砾质海岸、基岩海岸、红树海岸和珊瑚海岸,并归纳总结了每一种海岸的空间分布规律.分析了影响海岸线、干出滩以及近海水深等海部要素变化的主要因素,海岸要素变化的因素和变化规律,进而提出了海部要素实质性变化的检测统计方法,对提高海岸带图测绘效率、缩短成图周期、确定更新周期和制定更新方案都具有重要的意义.     

基于GIS技术的莱州湾东岸河流分形研究

应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术提取了莱州湾东岸河流信息,在此基础上运用计盒方法对莱州湾东岸的黄水河和王河水系进行了分形分析,获得了两水系的主河道河长分维数和河网分维数,并以此探讨了分维数与流域地貌和地质构造之间的相互关系。分形分析为研究区流域地貌学与水文学研究提供了一种新的研究途经。     

矿山滑坡天线阵列变形监测系统的方案与测试

首先阐明地质灾害监测的重要性和必要性,然后分析了目前应用于滑坡安全监测自动化远程监测设备和技术,并重点介绍了GPS天线阵列变形监测系统,接着根据某矿山的一个滑坡现场,进行GPS天线阵列监测方案设计,并在实地进行数据采集测试,最后对采集数据进行处理,对几期结果的较差和精度进行分析,得出在矿山自动化监测技术中,GPS天线阵列变形监测系统是一种性价比很高的监测技术,很适合滑坡安全监测。     

Characteristics of seasonal and spatial variations of primary production over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf

In situ primary production data collected during 1978–1981 period and 1997–2000 period were combined to improve understanding of seasonal and spatial distribution of primary production in the southeastern Bering Sea. Mean daily primary production rates showed an apparent seasonal cycle with high rates in May and low rates in summer over the entire shelf of the southeastern Bering Sea except for oceanic region due to lack of data. There was also an increasing trend of primary production rates in the fall over the inner shelf and the middle shelf. There was a decreasing trend of primary production rates between late April and mid-May over the inner shelf while there was an abrupt increase between late April and mid-May over the middle shelf and the outer shelf. In the shelf break region, there was an increasing pattern in late May. These suggest that there was a gradual progression of the development of the spring phytoplankton bloom from the inner shelf toward the shelf break region. There was also a latitudinal variability of primary production rate over the middle shelf, probably due to either spatial variations of the seasonal advance and retreat of sea ice or horizontal advection of saline water in the bottom layer. Annual rates of primary production across the southeastern Bering Sea shelf were 121, 150, 145, 110, and 84 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ in the inner shelf, the middle shelf, the outer shelf, the shelf break, and oceanic region, respectively. High annual rates of primary production over the inner shelf can be attributed to continuous summer production based on regenerated nitrogen and/or a continuous supply of nitrogen at the inner front region, and to fall production. There were some possibilities of underestimation of annual primary production over the entire shelf due to lack of measurement in early spring and fall, which may be more apparent over the shelf break and oceanic region than the inner shelf, the middle, and the outer shelf. This study suggests that the response of primary production by climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea shelf can be misunderstood without proper temporal and seasonal measurement.     

Timing and seismic origin of the historic Luanshibao rock avalanche in the Maoyaba basin,SE Tibetan Plateau: New evidence from 10Be exposure-ages

Rock avalanche is one of the most notable geological disasters in the mountain areas, such as the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. A typical one therein is the Luanshibao (LSB) rock avalanche that occurred in the Maoyaba basin. This rock avalanche has attracted a great deal of attentions, as it has a potential threat to the construction of Sichuan-Tibet Railway. It has been widely accepted that the LSB rock avalanche was caused by a seismic event. However, it is still an open question as to the timing of the earthquake-triggered rock avalanche. Here, we report twenty new ¹⁰Be exposure-ages obtained from the deposition zone. These tightly clustered exposure-ages, combined with geomorphic evidence, indicate that the LSB rock avalanche occurred during the mid-Holocene, possibly at 5.2 ± 0.2 ka. A comparison between the timing of rock avalanche and seismic events suggests a close correlation of the LSB rock avalanche with recurrent earthquakes around ∼5 ka BP. Such a correlation is well supported by the view from previous studies.     

MT约束的青藏高原东南缘上地幔热结构研究——以兰坪—贵阳剖面为例

青藏高原东南缘是青藏高原软弱物质运移的关键位置,研究其深部结构有助于理解青藏高原的扩张机制.本文利用穿过青藏高原东南缘的一条起始于兰坪—思茅块体,穿过川滇菱形块体,终止于华南块体的长约750 km的大地电磁测深（MT）剖面的电阻率结构,基于上地幔矿物和熔融体温度与电导率的关系,获得了研究区上地幔温度结构与熔融百分比分布.结果表明,采用随深度变化的含水熔融上地幔矿物组分模型才能合理地获得整个上地幔温度;上地幔全岩含水量约4.69（40 km深度）~0.13 wt%（150 km深度）,矿物熔融百分比约0~1.4%之间,并在70 km深度附近出现了较明显的局部熔融带;上地幔温度位于400~1300℃之间,随深度加深而逐渐增加;70 km以浅的温度表现出相对强烈的横向变化,且川滇和兰坪—思茅块体的上地幔温度和矿物熔融百分比的深度平均值明显高于华南块体.

     

丽江-小金河断裂全新世滑动速率研究

丽江-小金河断裂与锦屏山断裂共同控制着青藏高原东南边界,研究该断裂的滑动速率有助于理解青藏高原东南缘区域变形模式。本文通过高分辨率遥感影像解译与野外地质调查,发现该断裂错断了一系列河流阶地与洪积扇,且以左旋走滑为主兼具倾滑分量。通过无人机断错地貌测量与碳同位素断代,获得红星-尖山营断裂段全新世左旋走滑速率为（3.32±0.22）mm/a,垂直滑动速率为（0.35±0.02）mm/a;汝南-南溪断裂段北支全新世左旋走滑速率为（2.37±0.20）mm/a。     

东南沿海地震区东部中强震活动特征

研究了1500年以来东南沿海地震区东部中强地震的活动特征。通过对其时序演变进程的分析,长乐-诏安地震带和邵武-河源地震带地震活动参数的对比,以及对第二活跃期中强地震迁移特点的研究,对该区今后的地震活动趋势作出了估计。     

接收函数方法估计Moho倾斜地区的地壳速度比

造山带地区的复合力系作用往往使Moho界面发生变形,局部表现为倾斜状态.为了得到这些区域精确地壳速度比结构,本文基于H-κ方法发展了H-κ-θ方法.该方法不仅考虑了倾斜Moho层的响应,同时利用径向和切向接收函数信息,增加了对扫描的约束.利用该方法对青藏高原东南缘地壳厚度和速度比结构进行研究,结果表明：研究区内地壳明显存在不均匀性,松潘—甘孜地体平均地壳厚度约为60 km,四川盆地西缘约为47 km,扬子地台约为43 km,三江块体和扬子地台东南缘已接近正常地壳厚度;松潘—甘孜地体与扬子地台相邻部位地壳平均地震波速度比（V_p/V_s）普遍偏高,且四川盆地西侧发现一绕盆地边缘的弧形高V_p/V_s异常区（>1.88）,我们推测该异常可能由青藏高原向东逃逸的地壳流体受到高强度的四川盆地阻挡,在其西侧堆积所致.     

青藏高原东南缘多尺度重力场及构造含义

本文基于EGM2008重力场模型研究了青藏高原东南缘均衡重力异常和多尺度的布格重力异常特征,以鲁甸和景谷地震为例,认识其深部构造环境和动力学过程,为该区域的构造运动和地震孕育环境研究提供依据。结果表明,研究区布格重力异常和均衡重力异常与地质构造格局相关性较好,川滇地块剧烈的区域布格重力异常和非均衡状态与其强烈的地壳变形、断裂及地震活动密切相关。强震多分布在断裂带两侧重力异常的过渡地带和高梯度带,断裂带两侧横向和垂向的显著介质密度差异是强震孕育的深部构造背景。布格重力异常和均衡重力异常揭示的鲁甸、景谷震源区深浅差异性的重力异常特征,暗示鲁甸和景谷地震孕震环境的不同。