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71.
72.
Most main sequence stars are binaries or higher multiplicity Systems and it appears that at birth most stars have circumstellar
disks. It is commonly accepted that planetary systems arise from the material of these disks; consequently, binary and multiple
systems may have a main role in planet formation. In this paper, we study the stage of planetary formation during which the
particulate material is still dispersed as centimetre-to-metre sized primordial aggregates. We investigate the response of
the particles, in a protoplanetary disk with radius RD = 100 AU around a solar-like star, to the gravitational field of bound perturbing companions in a moderately wide (300–1600
AU) orbit. For this purpose, we have carried out a series of simulations of coplanar hierarchical configurations using a direct
integration code that models gravitational and viscous forces. The massive protoplanetary disk is around one of the components
of the binary. The evolution in time of the dust sub-disk depends mainly on the nature (prograde or retrograde) of the relative
revolution of the stellar companion, and on the temperature and mass of the circumstellar disk. Our results show that for
binary companions near the limit of tidal truncation of the disk, the perturbation leads to an enhanced accretion rate onto
the primary, decreasing the lifetime of the particles in the protoplanetary disk with respect to the case of a single star.
As a consequence of an enhanced accretion rate the mass of the disk decreases faster, which leads to a longer resultant lifetime
for particles in the disk. On the other hand, binary companions may induce tidal arms in the dust phase of protoplanetary
disks. Spiral perturbations with m = 1 may increase in a factor 10 or more the dust surface density in the neighbourhood of
the arm, facilitating the growth of the particles. Moreover, in a massive disk (0.01M⊙) the survival time of particles is
significantly shorter than in a less massive nebula (0.001M⊙) and the temperature of the disk severely influences the spiral-in
time of particles. The rapid evolution of the dust component found in post T Tauri stars can be explained as a result of their
binary nature. Binarity may also influence the evolution of circumpulsar disks.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
73.
宋国玄 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1989,(1)
巨分子云的碰撞造成了大质量恒星在碰撞分子云中的形成,这些大质量恒星的形成产生了膨胀的HII区域,从而使巨分于云碎裂成小质量的分子云。这是本文提出的巨分子云碎裂机制。因此巨分子云的寿命也主要由区分子云间的碰撞几率所决定。我们的分析表明,巨分子云的寿命有赖于巨分子云所在的旋涡星系中的不同位置。寿命的最大可能存在区间为8.18×10~7yr与2.45×10~8yr。利用我们提出的机制可以在分子云研究的数值计算与数值模拟中得到应用。 相似文献
74.
Summary The unprecedented quality of the IRAS data prompted a series of papers reinvestigating the origin of the galactic infrared/submillimeter radiation and the nature of the heating sources of the interstellar dust. The scope of this paper is to review the main results of these new studies. Sect. 1 contains a general introduction to the subject and an overview of the earlier work. In Sect. 2 and 3, we summarize our current knowledge on dust properties and on the interstellar radiation field. Then, we present the recent interpretations of the infrared emission of our Galaxy, which are based on the IRAS data: in Sect. 4 we present the results from the galactic disk; Sect. 5 covers the question of the contribution from small dust particles, and in Sect. 6 we describe the infrared radiation from the galactic center. The nature of the heating sources and the origin of the galactic infrared radiation is then discussed in Sect. 7. Finally, Sect. 8 presents a comparison of our Galaxy with external galaxies 相似文献
75.
水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨,根据水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性,通过建立单组分流体的物理和数学模型,得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明:液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽道表面几何形状的影响,在槽道内弯处较厚,而在槽道起始处较薄,冷凝时与蒸发时相比液膜厚度更薄,液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管,水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度分布,具有更好的传热传质性能。 相似文献
76.
77.
对苏皖下扬子区上白垩统浦口组(K2P)的三个砂岩样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)研究。结果显示:2个样品的AFT合并年龄为(88.8±4.4)Ma(径迹长度为(12.0±0.3)μm)和(82.1±6.8)Ma(径迹长度为(14.4±0.3)μm)与浦口组沉积年龄相近,说明它们沉降的幅度达到但没有超过AFT部分退火区间,1个样品的AFT合并年龄(117.3±5.9)Ma(径迹长度为(13.3±0.3)μm)大于浦口组沉积年龄,代表物源区抬升、剥露的冷却年龄。根据热历史模拟结果,识别出黄桥事件(110~90Ma)、仪征事件(70~60Ma)和三垛事件(35~22Ma)三期重要的构造事件,并将下扬子区晚白垩世以来的盆地演化划分为四个阶段:110~70Ma断坳复合型伸展盆地、70~35Ma拉张断陷盆地、35~22Ma挤压抬升阶段和22Ma至今坳陷盆地。 相似文献
78.
The Triassic Yanchang Formation is the main source rocks for Mesozoic oil in Ordos Basin. The formation includes 10 oil-bearing beds (Ch 1–Ch 10), that each can be further divided into two to three intervals. Abundant C12–C14 and C15–C16 bicyclic alkanes have been detected in the formation in the Xifeng oilfield, Ordos Basin. The C12–C14 group is dominated by C12 and C13, and the C15–C16 group contains abundant C15. The groups show three distribution patterns: A) the C12–C14 group is the major component in the non-source rocks of the Ch 7-1 and Ch 8-1 intervals; B) both groups are abundant and are common in source rocks of the Ch 7-3 interval; and C) the C15–C16 group is the major component in source rocks of the Ch 7-3 interval and also in sediments that contain type Ⅰ or partial sapropel type Ⅱ1 organic matter (OM) in the Ch 7-2 and Ch 8-1 intervals. Although thermal maturities of the source rocks in the Ch 7 section are similar, they show significant differences with respect to the drimane isomerisation index, which indicates that the drimane rearrangement is controlled by thermal evolution of the sediments, but may also be closely related to the depositional environment. This study determined that reducing environments are more conducive to preservation of drimane than oxic environments. The drimane isomerisation index and the value of the hopane parameter Tm/Ts are positively correlated. The parameter Tm/Ts varies over a wide range within the sequence, and the large variations may be a result of terrigenous OM input by turbidity currents and/or gravity flows, mixed with the autochthonous sediments. Abundant homodrimane in both source rocks may reflect reducing environments in deep lakes and major input of higher plant OM. Organic-rich shale and oil shale in the Ch 7-3 interval of the Yanchang Formation are the primary sources of oil in reservoirs in the Xifeng area. The crude oil is rich in bicyclic alkanes that are dominated by C15–C16 as source rocks with pattern C for bicyclic alkanes, which indicates an origin mainly from the Ch 7-3 interval. The main peaks in all of the crude oils are associated with 8β(H)-drimane and lower abundance of rearranged drimane. However, most of the source rocks have a main peak associated with 8β(H)-homodrimane or rearranged drimane. Weak microbial action, selective degradation and water washing may be the cause of the significant difference in bicyclic sesquiterpane composition between the crude oil and the source rocks. The result suggests that oil-source correlations based on the bicyclic sesquiterpanes are questionable. 相似文献
79.
Shinya Magome Tomohiro Yamashita Takeshi Kohama Atsushi Kaneda Yuichi Hayami Satoru Takahashi Hidetaka Takeoka 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):761-773
Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained
patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination
of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection
of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion,
caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The
ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters,
while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative
in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the
bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was
opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within
the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results
suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore,
the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer. 相似文献
80.
In the Cleaverville area of Western Australia, the Regal, Dixon Island, and Cleaverville Formations preserve a Mesoarchean lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary succession in the coastal Pilbara Terrane. These formations are distributed in a rhomboidal‐shaped area and are unconformably overlain by two narrowly distributed shallow‐marine sedimentary sequences: the Sixty‐Six Hill and Forty‐Four Hill Members of the Lizard Hills Formation. The former member is preserved within the core of the Cleaverville Syncline and the latter formed along the northeast‐trending Eighty‐Seven Fault. Based on the metamorphic grade and structures, two deformation events are recognized: D1 resulted in folding caused by a collisional event, and D2 resulted in regional sinistral strike‐slip deformation. A previous study reported that the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3020 Ma, after the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). Our SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages show that: (i) graded volcaniclastic–felsic tuff within the black shale sequence below the banded iron formation in the Cleaverville Formation yields an age of (3 114 ±14) Ma; (ii) the youngest zircons in sandstones of the Sixty‐Six Hill Member, which unconformably overlies pillow basalt of the Regal Formation, yield ages of 3090–3060 Ma; and (iii) zircons in sandstones of the Forty‐Four Hill Member show two age peaks at 3270 Ma and 3020 Ma. In this way, the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3114–3060 Ma and was deformed at 3070–3050 Ma (D1). Depositional age of the Cleaverville Formation is at least 40–90 Myr older than that proposed in previous studies and pre‐dates the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). After 3020 Ma, D2 resulted in the formation of a regional strike‐slip pull‐apart basin in the Cleaverville area. The lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary rocks are distributed only within this basin structure. This strike‐slip deformation was synchronous with crustal‐scale sinistral shear deformation (3000–2930 Ma) in the Pilbara region. 相似文献