不同浓度Li2SO4水溶液结构的X射线衍射研究

用θ～ 2θ型粉末衍射仪反射法精确测量了不同浓度的Li2 SO4水溶液的衍射数据 ,通过数据处理给出了溶液的结构函数和径向分布函数 ,由几何结构模型的最小二乘法精修 ,得到了溶液中阳离子和阴离子第一、二水合层的结构参数。     

Rice Husk Ash as a Low Cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red in Aqueous Phases

Adsorption is of significant importance for effluent treatment, especially for the treatment of colored effluent generated from the dyeing and bleaching industries. Low cost adsorbents have gained attention over the decades as a means of achieving very high removal efficiencies to meet effluent discharge standards. The present article reports on batch investigations for color removal from aqueous solutions of Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as an alternative low cost adsorbent. The performance analysis was carried out as a function of various operating parameters, such as initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dose, contact time, shaker speed, interruption of shaking and ionic concentration. Performance studies revealed that a very high percentage removal of color was achievable for both dyes. The maximum percentage removal of MB was 99.939%, while 98.835% removal was observed for CR. These percentage removals were better than existing systems. Detailed data analysis indicated that adsorption of MB followed the Temkin isotherm, while CR followed the Freundlich isotherm. These isotherms were feasible within the framework of experimentation. Batch kinetic data, on the other hand, indicated that pseudo second order kinetics governed adsorption in both cases. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the effects of initial dye concentration, shaker speed, pH and ionic strength had no noticeable effect on the percentage dye removal at equilibrium. Batch desorption studies revealed that 50% acetone solution was optimum for CR, while desorption of MB varied directly with acetone concentration.     

野外电位溶出法测铜新探索

溶液中加入氧化剂（高锰酸钾）,氧化电极表面的金属铜形成铜离子进入溶液中,金属氧化溶出时间与溶液中的金属离子的浓度成正比,峰值与溶出时间成正比,因此峰高与溶液中金属离子浓度成正比,以此测定溶液中铜离子的浓度。     

A Comparative Study of Pollutant Removal Stability in Hybrid Wetland Columns

This study investigated the effects of two alternative substrates(wood mulch and zeolite) on the performance of three laboratory-scale hybrid wetland systems that had identical system components and configurations.Each system consisted of a vertical flow(VF) wetland column,followed by a horizontal flow(HF) column and a vertical flow column.The substrates employed were wood mulch,gravel and zeolite,and Phragmites australis were planted in each column.The systems received synthetic wastewater,with pollutant loadings in the range of 8.5-38.0 g/(m2·d) total nitrogen(TN) and 4.0-46.4 g/(m2·d) biological oxygen demand(BOD5).Wood mulch and zeolite substrates showed higher efficiencies in terms of removing nitrogenous compounds and biodegradable organics.The supply of organic carbon from the organic mulch substrates enhanced denitrification,while adsorption of influent ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4-N) in zeolite played a major role in the removal of nitrogenous species in the wetland columns.Overall,the average percentage removals of TN and BOD5 reached >66% and >96% respectively,indicating stable performances by the hybrid wetland systems under the experimental loading ranges.Mathematical models were developed,based on the combination of Monod kinetics and continuously-stirred tank reactor(CSTR) flow patterns to describe the degradation of nitrogenous compounds.Predictions by the models closely matched the experimental data,indicating the validity and potential application of Monod kinetics in the modelling and design of treatment wetlands.     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XXVLi2O—B2O3—H2O过饱和溶液20℃结晶动力学研究

Ｌｉ２Ｏ·３Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ及Ｌｉ２Ｏ·４Ｂ２Ｏ３—Ｈ２Ｏ）过饱和溶液２０℃结晶过程均只有一个阶段。前者结晶析出Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·３Ｈ２Ｏ，后者结晶析出ＬｉＢ５Ｏ８·５Ｈ２Ｏ。本文探讨了这两种固相的结晶机理并拟合出结晶动力学方程，结果表明两个结晶过程均受控于单核表面反应。     

南黄海盆地阜宁组烃源岩地层热压生烃特征

通过生烃模拟获取生烃动力学参数是近年来油气资源评价工作中极为重要的一个环节,利用地层热压生排烃模拟装置对南黄海盆地南二凹陷阜四段烃源岩进行了生烃模拟实验,并拟合了生烃动力学参数。实验及研究结果表明,阜四段烃源岩的生烃演化可分为3个阶段：第1阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,以产油为主;第2阶段产烃量随温度上升缓慢增加,为油、气同产;第3阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,主要是以生气为主。实验拟合出阜四段烃源岩的生油活化能为228 kJ/mol,生气活化能为280 kJ/mol。与常压—完全开放体系试验、金管-高压釜实验装置的实验结果对比,本次实验南黄海盆地阜四段烃源岩在地层热压条件下出现生油窗滞后现象,烃源岩样品在高成熟演化阶段依然具有较高的液态烃产率。阜四段生油活化能值较高,其内在原因是有机质受到烃源岩孔隙中高压水的“保护”作用以及受生烃空间的影响,延缓了烃源岩的热演化进程。综合前人实验结果分析,有限空间热压生烃模拟实验环境更接近于烃源岩在地层条件下的生烃条件,实验结果对南黄海盆地的油气资源潜力评价及油气勘探方向具有指导意义。     

Comments on “Two-dimensional concentration distribution for mixing-controlled bioreactive transport in steady-state” by O.A. Cirpka and A.J. Valocchi

In this comment we present a re-analysis of the analytical solution presented by Cirpka and Valocchi for steady-state concentrations of dissolved bioreactive compounds and bacterial biomass in porous media. We discuss the validity range of the analytical solution. In particular, the criterion used to determine the sustainability of biomass is revisited. This re-analysis shows that the ω$\omega$ criterion used by Cirpka and Valocchi is only a necessary but not a sufficient criterion to determine the bioreactive zones. As a consequence, the analytical solution does not provide the exact distribution of compounds throughout the domain, but can serve as upper or lower boundaries for species concentrations at a given location. These conclusions are supported by the simulation results obtained from an established reactive transport model.     

云南铁矿资源现状及扩大远景途径

全省上表铁矿111处,总储量32.16亿吨,其中有11.27亿吨暂不能使用.而且,富铁矿少,难选矿多,分布边远,难以满足经济发展需求.必须解决菱铁矿、高磷矿选矿问题,以及有远景磁异常补充深部找矿问题,可望取得突破.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界烃源岩生烃动力学参数研究

根据封闭体系黄金管热模拟实验结果,应用Kinetics专用软件,研究了塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界不同类型烃源岩的生烃特征与动力学参数。库车坳陷侏罗系煤、碳质泥岩、泥岩及三叠系湖相泥岩具有各自的活化能分布和频率因子,揭示出其生烃行为的差异性。利用GOR-IsotopeKinetics软件,推导了库车坳陷侏罗系煤、泥岩和三叠系湖相泥岩3类烃源岩的碳同位素动力学参数。上述参数的获取,为盆地模拟、烃源岩评价、生烃量计算及资源量预测提供了重要的基础地球化学数据。