北京地区小震精定位结果初步探讨

利用双差重定位方法对北京地区(39.2°N～41.2°N,115.2°E～117.6°E)2008年10月至2020年3月期间共6463个地震事件进行重新定位,得到4776个高质量地震事件的空间位置分布。定位结果均方根走时残差显著降低,震源间的相对位置精度明显提高,地震活动的成丛性与活动断层之间的关系更加密切。根据重定位结果探讨了小震活动与活动断裂及深浅构造的关系,得到以下结论:夏垫断裂小震活动强烈,重定位后震中分布明显向断裂靠拢,呈现沿断裂走向延伸的NE向线状分布。结合人工剖面探测结果推测,该区域深度剖面上小震集中带10km深度附近较宽的丛集区主要是浅部铲形断裂活动所致,14～22km深度附近相对较窄近直立的小震丛集为深部断裂活动产生。怀—涿次级盆地北缘断裂现今小震活动活跃,该区域小震深度剖面揭示该断裂为倾向南东、上陡下缓的铲形断层。结合人工剖面探测结果,分析认为该区域深浅断裂共存和非均匀的地壳结构为中强地震发生的深部构造背景。平原区内部小震分布与第四纪断陷盆地和地层厚度分布存在较强的相关性,研究区域内部昌平—海淀小震集中区、顺义小震集中区、夏垫小震丛集区和廊坊小震丛集区分别位于马池口—沙河断陷盆地、顺义断陷盆地、大厂断陷盆地和固安—廊坊—永清断陷盆地。根据小震空间密集成带分布特征来推测未知断裂,推测怀柔南部山区小震集中区下方存在隐伏断层,宝坻至夏垫断裂段之间NW向的小震集中分布区下方存在一条走向NW或者NWW的隐伏断层。     

小流量、低水头观测泉脱?集气装置改造实验研究——以延庆松山泉气氡为例

小流量、低水头观测泉使用常规脱?集气装置,达不到观测气量的要求,会直接影响化学气体观测质量。本文以松山观测泉为研究对象,结合台站观测条件,通过技术改造和实验研究,制作了恒流溅落式脱?集气装置,对气氡观测结果进行了连续观测分析,获得了完整的年动态变化曲线。观测结果表明,该脱?集装置能够较好地解决小流量、低水头观测泉存在的流量、气量、水量不稳定的问题,使气氡观测的稳定性得到明显提高,为全国其他小流量、低水头观测泉脱?集气装置的技术改进提供了范例。     

On the possible in situ elemental analysis of small bodies with laser ablation TOF-MS

An analysis is presented of the potential application of laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS) to the study of small bodies on in situ and sample return missions. LA-TOF-MS provides the significant advantages of high-quality, low-ambiguity data, no requirement of sample contact or preparation, rapid analysis, and local probe capability. The ability to address particular scientific goals on a given mission depends strongly on obtaining reproducible instrument- and sample-dependent fractionation factors for heterogeneous samples in various operating conditions. LA-TOF-MS analyses of basalt and mineral separate standards, in both powdered and compressed forms, have been used to establish an understanding of elemental fractionation in the mass range from C to Zn and selected higher-mass elements. Results of a preliminary calibration applied to the bulk analysis of carbonaceous meteorites suggests that sufficient precision is obtained from replicate averaging of spectra to differentiate among some sub-classes. Complementary point-by-point LA analyses of such samples could also provide powerful diagnostic information for mineralogy.     

多级模糊综合的小城镇地质灾害危险性评价

小城镇是连接大城市与乡村的纽带,小城镇的快速发展日益受到地质灾害的显著制约。进行地质灾害危险性评价是小城镇可持续发展的客观需要。以甘肃龙山镇和阿干镇为例,建立了地质灾害危险性评价的三级模糊数学模型和全面详细的评价指标体系,查明了存在的主要地质灾害类型有滑坡、泥石流、不稳定斜坡和地面塌陷等,进行了地质灾害危险性三级模糊综合评价。结果表明,按照不易发、低易发、中易发和高易发四个级别,龙山镇为地质灾害低易发区,阿干镇为地质灾害高易发区,该结果与实际情况较为一致。说明多级模糊综合法是实现地质灾害危险性评价由单因子定性评判过渡为多因子定量综合评判的有效途径。     

高温高压和控制氧逸度条件下透辉石电导率的各向异性实验研究

在1.0～4.0GPa 和1073～1373K 及控制氧分压条件下,借助于 YJ-3000t 紧装式六面顶固体高压设备和1260阻抗/增益-相位分析仪,就位测定了沿着不同晶轴方向的透辉石的电导率。氧逸度控制是由 Ni+NiO 固体缓冲剂完成的。实验结果表明:(1)在选择的频率范围,无论从复阻抗的模与频率还是从相角与频率关系上,部可以看出复阻抗对频率具有很强的依赖性;(2)随着温度升高,阻抗降低,电导率增大,Logo 与1/T 之间符合 Arrenhius 线性关系式;(3)随着压力升高,[001]方向的透辉石电导率降低,活化焓和指前因子亦随之减小,并首次获得了透辉石中主要载流子的活化能和活化体积分别为1.80±0.04eV 和0.035±0.015cm~3/mol;(4)在2.0GPa 下按照[001]、[100]、[010]的顺序,样品的电导率和指前因子降低,活化焓依次升高,高压下的透辉石电学性质存在各向异性;(5)小极化子导电机制可为透辉石在高温高压下的导电行为提供合理的解释。     

对豫西小秦岭太华群的重新认识

太华群具明显的两分性特征，下亚群属下部基底岩系，原岩为拉斑玄武岩及ＴＴＧ岩系；上亚群属上部基底岩系，具孔达岩系特征的一套沉积变质岩。根据生物地层学、岩石地层学、构造地层学、同位素年代学，提出了小秦岭地区的太华群上下亚群是不同地质时期、不同构造环境下的产物，下亚群时代为晚太古代，上亚群时代为古元古代，故太华群应予以解体．或给以新的内涵。     

Ellipsoids, material points and material segments

Simple models of potential based on material points and material segments are confronted with a homogeneous ellipsoid potential. A spheroid is approximated with a pair of material points or with one material segment. The segment model proves to be more accurate. For a triaxial ellipsoid, two models are considered: one with five material points and one with two material segments and a point. When their parameters are determined with the fourth sectorial harmonic ignored, both simple models have a similar approximation error. Numerical tests indicate that the approximate models of a triaxial ellipsoid are 5 to 10 times faster than exact formulation, whereas for a spheroid the approximate models are at most twice as fast as the exact formulae.     

High resolution observations of small-scale magnetic elements and interpretation

This contribution deals with the properties of small-scale magnetic elements in plages. Spectro-polarimetric observations, obtained with the highest possible spatial resolution with the German solar telescopes at the Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife, were analysed. We conclude from the spread of line parameters measured in the Stokes I and V profiles of Fe I and Fe II lines that a wide range of magnetic properties is realised in the solar atmosphere. The flow velocities in small-scale magnetic flux tubes, deduced from the zero-crossing of the V profiles at high spatial resolution, show a fluctuation of v _Doppler = 580 m s^-1. This is substantially smaller than the turbulent broadening velocities of v _Doppler = 2 – 3 km s^–1 commonly derived by fitting V profiles from flux tube models to low spatial resolution data, e.g. from a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Attempts to explain the high resolution I and V profiles by models of hydrostatic flux tubes are discussed. It appears impossible to accomplish agreement between the modeled and observed radiation of lines with strong and weak magnetic sensitivity at the same time. We suggest a scenario in which small-scale magnetic elements possess substructure and are dynamic, with gas flows and magnetic field strengths varying in space and time.     

火焰原子吸收法测定植物样品中微量铜

植物样品在500℃灰化,用硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸分解,然后在2％的盐酸介质中,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定植物样品中的微量铜。该方法简单、快速、准确。方法的检出限为0.55×10~(-6),回收率97％—102％。对含量为5.14×10~(-6),9.43×10~(-6)和17.63×10~(-6)的三个植物样品进行分析,其相对标准偏差分别是4.62％、4.22％和2.00％。