Quasi-static slip on the plate boundary associated with the 2003 M8.0 Tokachi-oki and 2004 M7.1 off-Kushiro earthquakes, Japan

We analyzed small repeating earthquakes recorded over a 13-year period and GPS data recorded over an 8-month period to estimate interplate quasi-static slip associated with the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (M8.0) and the 2004 off-Kushiro earthquake (M7.1). The repeating-earthquake analysis revealed that the slip rate near the source region of the Tokachi-oki earthquake was relatively low (< 5 cm/year) prior to the earthquake; however, in the last 3 years leading up to the event, a minor acceleration in slip occurred upon the deeper extension of the coseismic slip area of the earthquake. Repeating-earthquake and GPS data indicate that large amounts of afterslip occurred around the rupture area following the earthquake; the afterslip mainly propagated to the east of the coseismic slip area. We also infer that the occurrence of the 2004 off-Kushiro earthquake, located about 100 km northeast of the epicenter of the Tokachi-oki earthquake, was advanced by the afterslip associated with the Tokachi-oki earthquake.     

北京山区单沟洪水模型预警系统研究 ——以孙胡沟为例

山洪是山区中影响范围广,人员伤亡较大的一类地质灾害。针对山洪预警模型,国内外学者从多个角度对其进行过研究,研究区域多为大流域,方法多为雨量临界值预警。为了建立一套适用于北京山区小流域的山洪预警模型,本文研究了小流域单沟洪水模型预警在系统,此系统是基于充分的野外地质调查,在获得详细的沟域地质及土地利用数据后,利用合理的数学模型对流域内的降雨所产生的洪水产汇流过程进行全过程模拟,并对汇流过程中可能产生的灾害进行预警预报的一个系统。此单沟洪水模型具有精度高,计算结果准确的特点,其相应的预警系统能够对小范围居民区等重要建构筑物进行灾害预报,并预估人员撤离的安全时间,对实际的防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。     

Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds

Stream and watershed management and restoration can be greatly facilitated through use of physiographic landform classification to organize and communicate natural resource, hazard, and environmental information at a broad scale (1:250,000) as illustrated by the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces in Maryland, or at a small scale (1:24,000) as illustrated using divisions and zones combined with a conceptual model. The conceptual model brings together geology, surficial processes, landforms and land use change information at the small watershed scale and facilitates transfer of information from one small watershed to another with similar geology and landforms. Stream flow, sediment erosion, and water quality illustrate the use of the model.     

多煤层小断层特征差异性分析

以多煤层区采掘资料为依据，通过对不同煤层间小断层特征的比较研究，论证了煤岩层岩性、厚度及组合在煤层小断层发育中的作用，提出了“岩层力学性质”的概念，对多煤层开采矿井中小断层的研究和预测有一定的指导意义。     

黄土丘陵区小流域土壤表面特性变化规律研究

土壤表面特性是建立流域土壤侵蚀模型的重要参数，为建立适合黄土高原的流域侵蚀模型，采用随机糙率仪、微型粘结力仪及常水头滴定法，系统研究了黄土丘陵区大南沟小流域不同土地利用条件下，地面随机糙率、土壤粘结力和土壤团粒稳定性的时空变化规律，结果表明受农事活动，植物及其根系分布、有机质含量等因素的影响，流域内土壤表面特性变化显著，在流域水土保持措施配置时应预支以充分考虑。     

利用近代小震资料快速简略评估地震危险性的方法

利用１９７０～１９９４年华北地区仪器记录到的地震目录，通过层次模型，将该地区分为不同大小的单元，在每个单元中，由小震活动情况，通过Ｇ－Ｒ关系是到较大地震的活动情况；并根据震级和烈度之间的关系，得到未来５０ａ不同地震烈度的发生概率，文中还将所得结果与历史地震活动情况以及第三代区划图进行对比研究，结果表明，由近代小震活动对地震危险性进行评估是可能的。     

临湘干港晏家金矿区构造变形特征研究

研究区冷家溪群浅变质岩系沉积后至少经历了加里东期、燕山期和喜山期3期构造运动，劈理、面理、线理、小褶皱等发育，构造置换强烈、构造变形复杂，大多数情况下很难通过产状测量来确定原始层序及其划分。查明矿区以紧闭褶皱为主，处于一叠加倾伏向斜核部，并发现了长约790m的F2韧性剪切带。指出《湖南省岩石地层》（1997.6）将冷家溪群划分为5个组可能有误，各个组也不可能有那么大的地层厚度。     

Climatic effects on the runoff conditions in Hungary

Using runoff and climatic observations from 37 small watersheds in Hungary a regional climate-runoff relationship has been established. This non-linear relationship is a modification of Budiko's similar equation and can be used to estimate the effect of climate changes on long-term average runoff. The degree of change in runoff depends not only on changes in precipitation and temperature, but also on the present climate characteristics. The regional relationship is verified only within a relatively narrow range of precipitation and temperature and this fact limits its use in climate impact assessment. Model calculations show that a relatively slight shift in climate, an increase in annual temperature by 0.5°C, and a decrease of annual rainfall by 0.08 mm d^?1 may lead to a decrease of runoff by 25-30 per cent in small watersheds of Hungary.     

乌鲁木齐和阿拉木图地区部分地震前固体潮小震调制比的异常

利用固体潮小震调制比方法,从外因调制的角度出发,定量研究新疆乌鲁木齐和苏联阿拉木图地区小震活动。结果发现,若干次较大地震前出现调制比的异常变化是固体潮引潮力对地震的调制触发作用而引起的。依据耗散结构理论解释固体潮小震调制比方法的物理机制。     

中小城市数字化建设技术体系的研究

本文讨论了数字城市的内涵,国内外数字城市研究进展.分析了数字城市建设中的问题,说明了综合决策支持系统在数字城市建设中的重要性.针对中小城市数字化建设,给出了中小城市数字城市系统的基本技术框架及实现的关键技术.