Stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of a Quaternary sequence along the Dong Nai River, southern Vietnam

The pre-Holocene Cenozoic sequence outcrops in the terrestrial part of the eastern margin of the Mekong Basin. However, the stratigraphy of the sequence is still unclear. Its detailed stratigraphy and chronology were therefore studied along the Dong Nai River, southern Vietnam, and the lithofacies and the relations among the formations were investigated from the outcrops. The ages of the deposits were determined by using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating.The Ba Mieu Formation was deposited about 176±52 ka during marine isotope stage (MIS) 7–6. The Thu Duc Formation was deposited about 97±27 ka during MIS 5. Both the Ba Mieu and Thu Duc formations are composed of fluvial and tidally influenced coastal deposits. The newly proposed Nhon Trach Formation was originally an eolian (blanket) deposit, but it has been partly reworked by fluvial processes. The Nhon Trach Formation was deposited about 10.9±4.7 ka, in the last part of the Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene. The OSL ages for the Ba Mieu, Thu Duc, and Nhon Trach formations are younger than the ages previously assigned to these formations.     

Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation

Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km², making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions.     

金沙江某水电站库区泥石流地质灾害研究

金沙江是我国水能资源最为丰富的江河之一，但在金沙江上修建水库，泥石流是经常遇到的地质灾害问题。文章在详细调查了库区地层岩性、构造、滑坡的前提下，结合金沙江某水库区泥石流发育与降雨、地层岩性、构造、滑坡及地形地貌的关系深入探讨了库区泥石流的类型、规模、特征及发育阶段。研究表明：(1)本库区泥石流活动历史久远，泥石流地质灾害活跃，在部分泥石流地质灾害衰退的同时，更多的泥石流沟在逐步形成：(2)水库蓄水，减小了泥石流沟的比降，会在一定程度上降低泥石流的活动性及破坏能力；(3)泥石流对水库的影响主要为输送泥沙，造成水库淤积。     

青海格尔木早更新世昆仑河砾岩的发现及其地质意义

昆仑河发源于昆仑山,是格尔木河的重要支流之一。前人所报道的新近纪与第四纪地层,主要集中于昆仑山垭口地区,而在昆仑河—格尔木河谷地中,只有中更新世以来的最新地层,从而提出了发生于1.1~0.6 Ma BP间的“昆仑—黄河运动”的概念。然而在昆仑河谷中发现了厚达20 m的钙质胶结的河流相砾石层(昆仑河砾岩),其分布、特征及其与纳赤台沟组、三岔河组和低阶地沉积等上覆地层的不整合接触关系,以及ESR法测定的该砾石层2个钙质胶结物样品的年龄(分别为1 042 ± 104 ka BP与1 269 ± 126 ka BP)均表明,早在距今1.27~1.42 Ma之前昆仑河—格尔木河河谷已经形成,而且已深切到现今的谷底。此后河谷内的多次切割与堆积,不应是构造运动的结果,而可能是冰期与间冰期气候变化所引起的侵蚀与搬运能力变化造成的。同样,昆仑山相对于柴达木盆地的强烈隆升至少应发生于距今1.27~1.42 Ma之前。      

Growth and provenance of a Paleozoic subduction complex in the Broken River Province,Mossman Orogen: evidence from detrital zircon ages

A Paleozoic subduction complex dominates the Mossman Orogen developed at the northern extremity of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Its southern part, displayed in the Broken River Province, is characterised by dismembered ocean-plate stratigraphy in which turbidite-dominated packages and widespread tectonic mélange development are characteristic. The Broken River complex is characterised by formations with quartzose sandstone alternating with those largely formed of sandstone of more labile character. The two compositional groups are considered to reflect separate, age-significant sedimentary regimes, but their ages have hitherto been poorly constrained. With the use of 1082 concordant detrital zircon ages from 13 samples we provide age control for the complex and track its sedimentary provenance. Of quartzose units, the Tribute Hills Arenite and Pelican Range Formation are late Cambrian–Early Ordovician, and the Wairuna Formation is Middle to Late Ordovician, in age. The more labile units (Greenvale, Perry Creek and Kangaroo Hills formations) are collectively of late Silurian–mid-Devonian age. Development of the complex spanned some 130 Myr. Continent-derived sediment involved in accretion of much the complex, from mid-Ordovician to mid-Devonian, was largely sourced from a nearby magmatic arc of late Cambrian–Devonian age, now represented by granitoid plutons of the Macrossan and Pama igneous associations. An older far-field Pacific-Gondwana sediment source is characteristic of early-phase (late Cambrian–Early Ordovician) accretion, in common with sedimentary units of this age generally developed in the Tasmanides. We consider the complex to have grown largely by underplating that positioned younger components beneath those that are older, with out-of-sequence thrust interleaving of these components occurring late in the accretionary history. A Late Devonian contractional folding and cleavage development (Tabberabberan orogenesis) is uniformly expressed across the entire complex and reflects an abrupt change in plate engagement with imposition of a compressional stress regime.     

高水压顶管隧道管节修复装置的设计与应用

富春江顶管工程为例,介绍了一种可快速拆卸的用于深埋顶管隧道对管节局部破损进行修复的装置。装置结构简单、紧凑,易于在圆形截面的隧道中进行快速拼装。该装置最高耐水压力0.8 MPa,可对地下水位以下30~80 m顶管隧道中出现沿轴线长＜0.4 m环状破损的管节进行注浆修复。这种设计能够有效解决深埋顶管隧道小面积局部破损、小范围漏水涌砂等问题,为深埋顶管等方法构筑的圆形隧道提供应急修复保障。     

TRMM 3B43降水数据在黄河源区的适用性评价

应用1998-2013年气象台站实测的降水数据以及2013年6-9月使用雨量桶收集的数据对TRMM 3B43 V7降水数据在黄河源区的精度从不同时间尺度、不同台站、以及不同海拔、坡度和坡向进行评价。检验发现,TRMM 3B43 数据对年和四季降水出现了不同程度的高估或低估,对于年降水、秋冬季降水表现为高估,而对春夏季降水表现为低估。同时,TRMM 3B43 数据在位于半湿润区的气象站点的降水数据质量优于半干旱区的气象站点的数据质量。除此以外,对TRMM降水在不同海拔、坡度和坡向的精度评估发现,随着海拔的升高,TRMM降水的相对偏差呈现出增加-减少-增加的变化趋势;随着坡度的升高,TRMM降水的相对偏差呈增加趋势;TRMM降水在东北坡、东坡和东南坡的偏差相对较小,而在西坡、南坡、北坡、西南坡的偏差相对较大。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷断层封闭性评价

为了综合评价断层的封闭性,以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷新近系为例,通过实钻断层圈闭油藏的封堵规律研究,标定断裂带泥质含量、泥岩涂抹系数和断面正压力临界值,建立了适合勘探实践的断层封闭性评价的新方法。结果表明：断层油藏与断层涂抹量呈现出泥岩涂抹因子随深度逐渐递增的趋势;断裂带泥质含量与泥岩发育情况是断层能够封堵的先决条件,断层的封闭性受构造图精度、构造调整和控圈断裂断层活动影响。应用该方法能有效评价未钻断层圈闭油气保存条件,有助于提高断层圈闭的勘探成功率,可推广至具有相似构造成因和沉积背景的勘探新区进行断层封闭性分析,是勘探早期评价断层封闭性有效的方法。     

黑河干流山区流域月蒸发力计算模型

研究西北内陆河山区流域的水文循环,对于维持区域可持续发展和生态环境的保护具有重要意义。应用数值迭代方法,对黑河山区流域平均月蒸发力与月平均气温和月降水量的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,山区平均月降水量、月平均气温和月蒸发力之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,降水和气温都是影响蒸发力的一个综合因子。     

Geochemistry of arsenic in the Huanghe (Yellow River) and its delta region — A review of available data

Water and suspended sediment samples from the Huanghe and its delta region were analyzed to determine arsenic concentrations. Comparison with the data of previous studies and other world pristine and less disturbed rivers reveals high levels of both dissolved and particulate As in this high turbidity river. Relatively stable distribution along the river course and in delta sediment cores shows that antrhopogenic activities have not altered As concentrations by any significant magnitude since the 1940s. Therefore, high levels of As in the Huanghe should be controlled by natural weathering and lithology. In the estuary, biological removal/regeneration and abiotic events (e.g. remobilization) have been identified to cause the active (non-conservative) As distributions. With the limited data set of the present study, the abiotic and biological contributions cannot be assessed accurately, however.