对山西隆起区中新生代构造演化的认识

对山西隆起区中新生代构造演化的认识,是探讨华北陆块演化、破坏等科学问题的基础。在中新生代期间,不论是岩石圈的差异演化、构造体制转换、岩浆活动,还是地貌反转,位于华北陆块中心部位的山西地区总是处于过渡带的位置。该地理位置说明了该区在华北陆块演化研究中的重要性。在近年1∶5万、1∶25万区域地质调查成果及以往研究资料的基础上,以中生代区域性断裂、新生代汾渭裂谷及山体隆升为主要研究内容,探讨山西隆起区中新生代岩石圈从增厚到减薄、构造体制从挤压到伸展转换,以及随华北陆块一起经历地貌格局从东高西低到西高东低转换的构造演化进程。研究认为,山西地区中新生代构造体系的发育从属统一的区域动力学环境,周边板块之间的相互作用引起深部软流圈变化: 软流圈下沉,岩石圈则相对增厚,地壳垂向伸展,横向收缩; 软流圈上涌,岩石圈相应减薄,地壳水平伸展。软流圈的变化对该地区中新生代构造变形、沉积格局、岩浆活动等方面起着控制作用。     

Nanoscale pore structure and fractal characteristics of a marine-continental transitional shale: A case study from the lower Permian Shanxi Shale in the southeastern Ordos Basin,China

Shale samples collected from seven wells in the southeastern Ordos Basin were tested to investigate quantitatively the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the Lower Permian Shanxi Shale, which was deposited in a marine-continental transitional (hereinafter referred to as the transitional) environment. Low-pressure nitrogen adsorption data show that the Shanxi Shale exhibits considerably much lower surface area (SA) and pore volume (PV) in the range of 0.6–1.3 m²/g and 0.25–0.9 ml/100 g, respectively. Type III kerogen abundant in the transitional Shanxi Shale were observed to be poorly developed in the organic pores in spite of being highly mature, which resulted in a small contribution of organic matter (OM) to the SA and PV. Instead, I/S (illite-smectite mixed clay) together with illite jointly contributed mostly to the SA and PV as a result of the large amount of inter-layer pores associated with them, which were evident in broad-ion-beam (BIB) imaging and statistical analysis. Additionally, the Shanxi Shale has fractal geometries of both pore surface and pore structure, with the pore surface fractal dimension (D1) ranging from 2.16 to 2.42 and the pore structure fractal dimension (D2) ranging from 2.49 to 2.68, respectively. The D1 values denote a pore surface irregularity increase with an increase in I/S and illite content attributed to their more irregular pore surface compared with other mineralogical compositions and OM. The fractal dimension D2 characterizing the pore structure complexity is closely related to the pore arrangement and connectivity, and I/S and illite decrease the D2 when their contents increase due to the incremental ordering degree and connectivity of I/S- or illite-hosted pores. Meanwhile, other shale constituents (including kaolinite, chlorite, and OM) that possess few pores can significantly increase the pore structure complexity by way of pore-blocking.     

山西省汛期短历时强降水特征

山西地形复杂,汛期降水集中,短时强降水易引发地质灾害及城市内涝,是制约社会经济发展和人民安居的重要因素。本文通过分析山西省2011~2016年290个高密度自动气象站逐时降水资料,结合本地强降水预警业务规定,根据致灾风险程度将短历时强降水分为四级,全面细致分析了各级强降水的时空变化特征,对强降水的精细化预报有指示意义。结果表明：短时强降水主要受纬度和地形影响,各级强降水的累计降水量和降水小时数大值区一般沿太行山脉和吕梁山脉展布；短时强降水在每日15～18时高发,到了夜间20～23时,出现第二峰值；城区一般性强降水比乡村区域偏多偏强。     

杨氏天镇龙性双形现象的初步研究

通过对河北地质大学地球科学博物馆和山西大同博物馆收藏的4具杨氏天镇龙（甲龙类）骨架化石的研究,主要根据其头颅和尾锤的形态特征,认为杨氏天镇龙存在明显的性双形现象。雄性个体的鳞骨角粗大,向后上方两侧突伸;尾锤呈亚圆形,大而扁平。雌性个体的鳞骨角细小、低矮,向后侧方向突伸;尾锤呈亚圆形,小而扁平,表面具核桃纹纹饰。对甲龙类性双形现象的探讨为恐龙的研究提出了一种新的思路,可避免分类时出现同物异名的现象。     

山西省春播期降水时空变化及环流异常特征

利用山西省72个国家气象站1961—2020年4—5月的降水量资料、NECP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和UKMO HADISST1海表温度资料，采用EOF、气候倾向率、滑动平均、小波分析、合成分析等方法，对春播期降水的时空变化及环流异常特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）山西省春播期降水量场主要有全省一致型，南北差异型以及南北和中部差异型这3种主要模态，分别占总年数的63.3%，25%和11.7%。（2）春播期降水量的增多趋势不显著，共经历了5个气候变化阶段，并存在 2～3年和12～13年的振荡周期。（3）在春播期异常多雨年期间，500 hPa高度场上呈“东高、西低”等分布特征，850 hPa风场上我国中东部地区盛行偏南气流，海平面气压场呈北高南低分布型，前冬赤道中东太平洋呈El Nino分布型，印度洋呈偶极子分布型，大西洋呈三极子分布型；而在异常少雨年期间，环流及海温特征则基本相反。     

大同矿区口泉沟南地下水资源的合理开发研究

矿山地区一方面采矿存在着水患,另一方面又因疏干排水而使日常生活缺水。目前我国有关矿区供排结合的实例并不多见。以大同矿区口泉沟南为例,分析了该区的地质、水文地质条件,并用数学模型的有限元法评价了地下水资源的允许开采量。同时提出和论证了最佳开采方案。