GIS Web Services技术在地下水取水许可管理系统中的应用

主要以地下水取水许可管理系统为例研究和探讨了基于GISWebServices的分布式电子政务系统的设计与实现。该电子政务系统具有和GIS系统无缝集成的优点,可以实现跨平台和异构系统无缝集成,实现了分布式计算。     

Unfolding scientific expertise and security in the changing governance of Ecosystem Services

Within the past few decades, the idea of global Ecosystem Services (ES) has moved center stage in environmental and sustainability debates. The academic and policy discourse behind Ecosystem Service protection appears to have changed from a more ecological focus on habitat restoration to a predominantly economic one revolving around human well-being. The aim of this paper is to unfold the coupling between scientific expertise and security in the changing governance of ES. We employ a ‘securitization’ lens to advance our understanding of the recent change in the governance of ecosystems, as we reflect on the role of scientific expertise at the boundary between science and security. Empirically, we analyze how scientific experts, as securitizing actors, frame the degradation and loss of ES as an existential threat to human security thereby justifying measures to reverse these trends. In order to trace how the voices of scientific experts shape policies to govern ES we apply bibliometric analysis and an opinion-based survey to first identify who produces the scientific knowledge published, and then follow how key scientific experts link to policy-making arenas and use security framings. Lastly, we discuss the implications of the shifting discourse surrounding ES, and we reflect on our own positionality and approach, as we string together our findings to contribute to the debate about environmental expertise and governance, and the authority of scientific knowledge.     

基于Web Services的海洋表面温度场数据应用服务框架与实现

分析了海洋表面温度场数据应用研究现状,结合Web服务技术,提出了海洋表面温度场数据应用服务框架,把海温数据及应用模型均封装成Web服务,从而提高了分布式环境下,数据的互操作性、应用的可移植性及透明性.基于该框架,开发设计了"中国南海海温数据应用服务平台",该平台可以集成异构、分布式环境中的数据服务和应用服务,从而为用户提供透明的、"一站式"的海温数据Web应用,可为其它海洋信息的集成与应用提供借鉴.     

网络环境下的地理信息服务集成研究

从Web Services的角度,根据地理信息的特殊性,研究地理信息服务的实现方法和发布策略,实现了高效的地理信息服务集成方案。     

Implementing a knowledge system: Lessons from the global stewardship of climate services

Knowledge systems are mechanisms that can drive climate adaptation through the pursuits of enhancing resource sharing, collaboration, and learning, while at the same time helping to develop trust and credibility among individuals and intuitions. While these goals are widely discussed, less is known about the activities and strategies that knowledge systems undertake to achieve these goals. We analyze the Global Framework of Climate Services (GFCS) as a knowledge system organized around the translation of weather and climate information for decision-making. The GFCS brings together the World Meteorological Organization, national meteorological and hydrological services, and some of the world’s largest multilateral scientific, humanitarian, and development organizations. Our analysis draws on key informant interviews, focus groups conducted in African countries, and an online survey of GFCS participants. We describe the main activities pursued by the GFCS that shaped the vision of climate services, built capacity in national climate adaptation, and created connections among diverse actors and organizations worldwide. We show how these activities generated tensions about the purpose of the GFCS and how influence among the knowledge system was distributed. Based on our results, we illustrate new ways to conceptualize the strategies of knowledge systems, which we describe as (1) theorizing the norms of practice and mechanisms of change, (2) legitimizing actors, and (3) managing knowledge. These strategies identify pathways for, and pitfalls to, a knowledge system’s pursuit of its goals, providing guidance to managers of knowledge systems and an analytical framework to evaluate their impacts.     

Cost and value of multidisciplinary fixed-point ocean observatories

Sustained ocean observations are crucial to understand both natural processes occurring in the ocean and human influence on the marine ecosystems. The information they provide increases our understanding and is therefore beneficial to the society as a whole because it contributes to a more efficient use and protection of the marine environment, upon which human livelihood depends. In addition the oceans, which occupy 73% of the planet surface and host 93% of the biosphere, play a massive role in controlling the climate. Eulerian or fixed-point observatories are an essential component of the global ocean observing system as they provide several unique features that cannot be found in other systems and are therefore complementary to them. In addition they provide a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, combining physical, chemical and biological observations on several time scales. The fixed-point open ocean observatory network (FixO3) integrates the 23 European open ocean fixed-point observatories in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. The programme also seeks to improve access to key installations and the knowledge they provide for the wider community, from scientists, to businesses, to civil society. This paper summarises the rationale behind open ocean observatories monitoring the essential ocean variables. It also provides an estimate of the costs to operate a typical fixed-point observatory such as those included in the FixO3 network. Finally an assessment of the type of data and services provided by ocean observations and their value to society is also given.     

基于RIA的网络GIS的发展与应用

通过对网络GIS的发展现状及其各结构模式优缺点的介绍,探讨了RIA概念模型;应用RIA技术,设计了基于RIA的网络GIS的体系结构架构,并实现了相应系统功能.该结构模式增强了客户端的用户体验感,减轻了服务器的压力.     

Evaluating consumer preferences for health care services in rural Australia

Service provision to remote rural areas is extremely costly, and only likely to be effective if the services provided are appropriate and accessible to the population. To date, little is known about the attitudes of rural residents (both townsfolk and the farming population) to various services. This study examines people's attitudes towards services generally, and health services in particular, and relates their attitudes to sociodemographic variables and geographical location. The results show the overwhelming importance attributed to health services, particularly medical services, and that attitudes differ significantly according to place of residence and by age group. These findings have major implications for those responsible for formulating policies relating to service provision for rural areas.     

基于数据包络分析法的陕西气象资源效率评估

将数据包络分析法（DEA）应用于陕西气象资源效率评估,计算全省气象行业2007—2009年运行的综合效率值、技术效率值和规模效率值,得出综合效率和规模效率有所下降,而技术效率有所提升。其中,2009年技术效率均值为3年来最高,而2007年技术效率值为3年来最低。构造基于面板数据的气象计量经济模型对各影响效率的因素进行计量分析,气象服务用户群及公众满意度指数、农业产出GDP值占区域GDP总值的比重和资金投入强度与气象部门产出的综合效率值呈正向关系,学术论文发表数量与综合效率值呈反向关系。据此提出提升资源效率有效性的对策。     

派出所警用三维地理信息系统的设计与实现

结合项目实际,详细介绍了派出所警用三维地理信息系统的系统结构和功能模块,实现基于三维空间地理信息的资源整合、实时联动,阐述了系统研发过程中的关键技术和问题解决方法,是三维在警务领域深层次应用的一次有益尝试和探索。