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61.
根据确定潜在震源区的多判据原理,强震的发生不仅要满足准静态强度条件,而且必须具备突发释放足够能量的条件,而所有这些条件可以通过突发应力降判据、总能量判据和强度判据加以表达。本文建立了它们相应的概率表达式和估计发震总概率的方法,并针对我国28例地震进行了验算 相似文献
62.
On the interpretation of peak metamorphic temperatures in light of garnet diffusion during cooling 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
F. S. SPEAR 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(4):379-388
Abstract Finite difference models of Fe-Mg diffusion in garnet undergoing cooling from metamorphic peak conditions are used to infer the significance of temperatures calculated using garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange thermometry. For rocks cooled from high grades where the garnet was initially homogeneous, the calculated temperature (Tcalc) using garnet core and matrix biotite depends on the size of the garnet, the ratio of garnet to biotite in the rock (Vgarnet/Vbiotite) and the cooling rate. For garnets with radii of 1 mm and Vgarnet/Vbiotite<1, Tcalc is 633, 700 and 777°C for cooling rates of 1, 10 and 100°C/Ma. For Vgarnet/Vbiotite= 1 and 4 and a cooling rate of 10° C/Ma, Tcalc is approximately 660 and 610° C, respectively. Smaller and larger garnets have lower and higher Tcalc, respectively. These results suggest that peak metamorphic temperatures may be reliably attained from rocks crystallized at conditions below Tcalc of the garnet core, provided that Vgarnet/Vbiotite is sufficiently small (<0.1) and that the composition of the biotite at the metamorphic peak has not been altered during cooling. Numerical experiments on amphibolite facies garnets with nominal peak temperatures of 550–600° C generate a ‘well’in Fe/(Fe + Mg) near the rim during cooling. Maximum calculated temperatures for the assemblage garnet + chlorite + biotite + muscovite + plagioclase + quartz using the Fe/(Fe + Mg) at the bottom of the ‘well’with matrix biotite range from 23–43° C to 5–12° C below the peak metamorphic temperature for cooling rates of 1 and 100° C/Ma, respectively. Maximum calculated temperatures for the assemblage garnet + staurolite + biotite + muscovite + plagioclase + quartz are approximately 70° C below the peak metamorphic temperature and are not strongly dependent on cooling rate. The results of this study indicate that it may be very difficult to calculate peak metamorphic temperatures using garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange thermometry on amphibolite facies rocks (Tmax > 550° C) because the rim composition of the garnet, which is required to calculate the peak temperature, is that most easily destroyed by diffusion. 相似文献
63.
重熔斑岩型锡多金属矿床地质特征及成矿模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对重熔斑岩型锡多金属矿床成矿岩体的岩石类型、岩体形态、规模、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学、矿物包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学特征等方面进行了较系统的研究;并对该类矿床的矿化、蚀变分带特征和矿化与蚀变带的关系作了论述,指出了该类矿床最重要的蚀变带为黄玉云英岩化带, 在详细研究该类矿床的基础上,建立了重熔斑岩型锡多金属矿床的成矿模式. 相似文献
64.
BinomialmodelonseismicriskanalysisJianWANG(王健)andZhen-LiangSHI(时振梁)(InstituteofGeophysics,StateSeismologicalBureau,Beijing100... 相似文献
65.
本文通过对首都圈地区(北纬38.5°至41.0°,东经113.0°至120.0°)公元1500年以来M≥5地震的系统分析,并应用70年代以来所取得的该地区最新地球物理场的有关资料进行分区后,发现该地区5级以上地震存在较明显的成组发生及有11年的时段性特征,且每一组的活动具有地区性特征。这一现象对首都圈地区5级以上的地震的监视预报具有一定的意义。 相似文献
66.
Keiiti Aki 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(3-4):647-676
In order to develop capabilities for predicting earthquake processes on the basis of known fault zone structures and stress conditions, we need to find relations between seismogenic structures and processes. In the present paper we search for the scale dependence in various earthquake phenomena with the hope to find some structures in the earth that may control the earthquake processes. Among these phenomena, we shall focus on (1) geologic structures which play some role in nucleation and stopping of earthquake fault rupture, (2) depth ranges of the brittle seismogenic zone, (3) asperities and barriers distributed over a fault plane, (4) source-controlledf
max effect, (5) nonfractal behavior of creep events, and (6) temporal correlation between codaQ
–1 and seismicity of earthquakes with magnitude characteristic to a given area. Our review of various scale-dependent phenomena leads us to propose a working hypothesis that the temporal change in codaQ
–1 may reflect the activity of creep fractures near the brittle-ductile transition zone. 相似文献
67.
Christian Weiler 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(5-6):671-679
For the purposes of a thesis at the Institute of avalanche and torrent control at the university of agriculture in Vienna a comparison of two avalanche-models, a hydraulic one from Voellmy/Salm/Gubler and a statistical one from Laatsch/Zenke/Dankerl with exemplary exactly known avalanches of Tyrol and Switzerland was started in 1993. The result of this work was that both models failed by the calculation of avalanches with high recurrence intervals (over 300 years). For the calculation of avalanches with recurrence intervals under 300 years the results of both models are regular. The conclusion is that a combination of two models i.e. a hydraulic one improved by statistical calculations will be the best. 相似文献
68.
复杂构造应力扰动场与发震构造识别问题的研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
在地震短临阶段异常是由局部断层扩展或弱化引起。实验与数值模拟结果曾得到与之相伴的是平均应力扰动场的四象限分布和最大剪应力扰动场的八瓣式分布。为检验此结果的普适性作了进一步的研究。结果表明不论区域构造及其基本应力场如何复杂,这种四象限分布与八瓣式分布型式不变,这为最终判定失稳区提供了依据。与此同时,在复杂构造情况下这种应力扰动场的畸变也不容忽视 相似文献
69.
70.
贵州地壳表层构造地球化学分区及其意义 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5
根据贵州所处大地构造位置,在前人划分的扬子陆块、江南造山带和右江造山带构造单元的基础上,结合水系沉积物测量区域化探扫面成果,划分出四川盆地边缘SiO2-Na2O高背景地球化学区,黔北隆起F-CaO-MgO及亲基性元素高背景地球化学区,黔西断陷Au-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe3O3亲硫元素及亲基性元素强聚集地球化学区,黔南台陷Cd-Hg-Sb-Ag-SiO2高背景地球化学区,江南造山带Ba-Ag-Al2O3-K2O-Na2O高背景地球化学区和右江造山带B-Au-Sb-SiO2高背景地球化学区等6个地球化学区。结合有关资料还在阐述各区地球化学特征的基础上,探讨了它们的科学意义。 相似文献