关于当前铀矿地质工作的几点思考

本根据我国能源发展对铀资源的需求形势,在铀矿勘查战略、重点地区铀矿勘查、铀资源潜力评价、铀矿地质科研等方面作了思考,提出工作建议,并强调了以人为本的管理理念。     

融入WTO——为农业服务的化工矿产资源发展战略构想

我国直接为农业服务的磷、硫、钾矿资源总体形势不容乐观。针对各自资源特点,应采取不同的发展战略:磷——立足国内,有进有出,南出北进;硫——立足国内,适当进口,调整结构,必要储备;钾——稳定进口,国外开发,国内开发,国内找矿,四位一体,分三步走。为此建议:将磷、硫、钾纳入战略性矿产资源的范畴进行管理和规划;强化地勘队伍,加大找矿力度;增加投入,寻求新的突破;加大“走出去”的步伐;规范进出口秩序;国家在更高的层面进行宏观调控;拓宽为农业服务的新领域。     

进化策略算法在地面沉降量计算参数反演中的应用

多数情况下,评估的研究区缺乏多年积累的地下水位及开采量资料。因此,通常采用土力学模型,根据太沙基固结理论,进行地面沉降量预测。在地面沉降量计算中,土层变形参数值的选取直接影响计算结果的精确性。深层含水层埋深通常大于100m。通过现场勘探,采取土样进行岩土物理力学性质试验获取参数值,成本过于昂贵。通过参考区域土层物理力学性质资料,结合工程经验获取参数值,预测结果的精度得不到保证。针对上述情况,作者提出用非线性优化算法-进化策略算法,根据实测地面沉降量反演土层变形参数值。通过这种方法确定参数值,既节约成本,又保证了计算结果的可靠性。进化策略算法通过模拟生物遗传及进化过程,利用转移概率来帮助指导搜索。搜索结果不依赖于初始点的选择,对于求解全局最优解有很强的鲁棒性。作者将进化策略算法用于某一工程实例土层变形参数的反演,结果表明了该算法的可行性及稳健性,值得在工程实践中推广应用。     

一种海面风场反演的快速风矢量搜索算法

本文以SeaWinds散射计为例，从最大似然估计的海面风场反演方法出发，根据其目标函数的一般分布特征，提出并实现了一种快速风矢量搜索算法。然后采用美国SeaWinds散射计的部分LA实测数据对该搜索算法进行了验证，并与常规算法对同一实验数据的反演偏差及运行时间进行了对比分析，结果表明该算法在能够保证反演精度的前提下，在较大程度上提高了运行效率。     

Scalar Similarity for Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Methods

The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method allows the measurement of trace gas fluxes when no fast sensors are available for eddy covariance measurements. The flux parameterisation used in REA is based on the assumption of scalar similarity, i.e., similarity of the turbulent exchange of two scalar quantities. In this study changes in scalar similarity between carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour were assessed using scalar correlation coefficients and spectral analysis. The influence on REA measurements was assessed by simulation. The evaluation is based on observations over grassland, irrigated cotton plantation and spruce forest.Scalar similarity between carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour showed a distinct diurnal pattern and change within the day. Poor scalar similarity was found to be linked to dissimilarities in the energy contained in the low frequency part of the turbulent spectra ( < 0.01 Hz).The simulations of REA showed significant change in b-factors throughout the diurnal course. The b-factor is part of the REA parameterisation scheme and describes a relation between the concentration difference and the vertical flux of a trace gas. The diurnal course of b-factors for carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour matched well. Relative flux errors induced in REA by varying scalar similarity were generally below ± 10%. Systematic underestimation of the flux of up to − 40% was found for the use of REA applying a hyperbolic deadband (HREA). This underestimation was related to poor scalar similarity between the scalar of interest and the scalar used as proxy for the deadband definition.     

从PM10的测量推测成都市区汞污染的来源

通过2007年5—6月期间测量成都市若干条剖面上大气可吸入颗粒物（PM10）中的汞含量，来推测成都市大气中汞的来源。结果表明：在12个点的测量范围内，成都市PM10的质量平均浓度为210．8μg／m^3；PM10中汞的质量平均浓度为0．36ng／m^3。公园和郊区PM10浓度和其中汞浓度均较少，可能与植被茂盛有关。由PM10中汞的分布可知，在热电厂、停用的生活垃圾堆放场和寺庙附近出现最高值。说明热电厂和生活垃圾堆放场是大气汞污染的重要次生来源。寺庙附近出现的高汞值，推测与寺庙的礼仪活动如香烛燃烧有关。     

新疆及周边国家铜矿产资源战略分析

介绍了世界铜矿床主要类型及其分布特征,并对我国新疆及周边国家铜矿产资源进行调查,结合我国铜资源现状及供需情况分析,说明我国铜矿产资源相对比较贫乏.目前正面临着铜需求快速增长,而铜资源短缺的紧张时期,如何保证铜资源的可持续发展是一个很现实的问题.这就要求我们一方面加强同周边国家和地区的铜矿产资源的开发与合作,另一方面着重勘探与开发我国新疆的铜矿资源.     

Differences in trace metal concentrations among fluvial morphologic units and implications for sampling

 This study examines the segregation of trace metals within and between fluvial morphologic units in sand-sized and finer bed sediments in a cobble bed stream. The types of fluvial morphologic units sampled are low gradient riffles, high gradient riffles, glides, eddy drop zones, lateral scour pools, attached bars, and detached bars. Three to nine samples were collected from ten of each type of morphologic unit. All 12 metals show significantly different concentrations between some morphologic units in sediments smaller than 2 mm. Eddy drop zones and attached bars consistently have the highest metal concentrations, while low gradient riffles, high gradient riffles, and glides typically have the lowest concentrations. Metals showing the greatest between-unit variability are Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Ti, followed by Co, Mn, and Pb, while Mg, Mn, V, and Zn display relatively few differences between units. Lateral and longitudinal variations of metals within units are not significant, and there was no consistent, predictable variation in metal concentrations with distance downstream. Results indicate that metal studies in other gravel- and cobble-bed streams should include a reconnaissance survey to determine variations between morphologic units, stratify sampling by morphologic unit, and analyze spatial autocorrelation to determine sample spacing. Received: October 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998     

Methodological problems of intercultural comparisons of retail environments

The internationalising activities of retailers have tended to precede the theoretical contributions of academics. This is particularly the case for the cultural context within which retail internationalisation takes place. Following an examination of the growth of international retailing activity, the article reviews generic difficulties in studying inter-cultural differences before considering the specific steps which retail practitioners have taken to understand the comparative characteristics of retail and consumer markets through the growth of geodemographic and lifestyle analysis. Finally, we relate one of the most significant integrative intercultural theoretical instruments to the case of retail internationalisation within Western Europe. We find that significant insights into retailer behaviour and strategy can be gained from an understanding of the culturally-specific characteristics of the activity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

江苏下扬子区中—古生界的成藏条件及勘探思路

江苏下扬子区的海相中－古生界构造演化经历了前扬子板块、稳定地台和西太平洋活动陆缘等三大阶段。油气地质条件具有多套烃源岩、两类主要储层、四套区域盖层、多种成藏类型和多期成烃等特征。原始生烃量以下古生界为主,下寒武统和下志留统的生烃量约占总生烃量的６０％￣８０％。该领域的勘探应本着“整体评价、区域展开、重点突破”的原则,做到“六个结合”和“五个转变”,加快勘探节奏,重在发现,坚持以下古生界为主,大中型