湖南农业可持续发展面临的生态危机及应对措施

湖南省是一个农业大省,虽然湖南农业目前在推进可持续发展战略中取得了显著成果,生态环境和污染治理现状有了明显改善,但仍然存在着严重的生态危机,维护好农业生态环境,解决好农业发展问题,不仅对湖南省社会经济的持续发展有着重要意义,而且对促进长江中下游地区的可持续发展也具有十分重要的作用。在分析湖南省农业生产特点和生态环境现状的基础上,指出农业生态危机突出地表现在5个方面:水资源失调、农用化肥使用过量、农产品质量低劣、水土流失和城市工业污染严重。在深入分析这些生态危机的基础上,同时提出了解决生态危机的8条对策:进行土地利用系统结构优化和生态设计,加强科普宣传,培养生态农业典型,施用生态肥,完善生态税制,制定农业生态环境保护政策,强化检测,推行优质农产品标准化生产技术。     

浅析全球水危机及水资源可持续利用行动纲领

水对人类的生活和社会经济发展来说是必不可少的。随着人类社会的发展和自然生态的变化,使淡水资源和干净卫生的饮用水日益缺乏,水质不断恶化,加之不健全的用水管理体系使水资源短缺成为全球性的资源危机,并且这种趋势正越发明显。列举目前存在的水危机问题,在分析其原因的基础上,提出了建立水资源可持续利用行动纲领的建议,包括淡水资源评估,实行水资源统一管理,建立水资源价值体系等。     

振动压路机地面振动对建筑物的影响

研究了振动压路机的地面振动衰减关系，指出压路机的激振力、振动频率和场地土质条件都是影响振动衰减的重要因素，提出了各类建筑物安全振动速度的标准，评价了振动压路机施工振动对建筑物的影响。     

The Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis: an Apennine foredeep perspective

Owing to its expanded stratigraphic sections, the Apennine thrust belt offers the opportunity to better understand the evaporitic and post-evaporitic Messinian events. A physical stratigraphic framework of Messinian deposits, based on facies analysis and basin-wide correlation of key surfaces and sedimentary cycles, is presented. It is shown that the Messinian Apennine foredeep had marginal basins with shallow-water primary evaporites and deeper basins where resedimented evaporites accumulated under relatively deep-water conditions. Like many other Mediterranean examples, primary shallow-water evaporites of Apenninic marginal basins show evidence for subaerial exposure and erosion. However, the development of such an erosional surface does not correspond to the deposition of primary evaporites in the deepest part of the basin(s); here, the unconformity can be traced towards the base of resedimented evaporites or to a level within them, implying that the deeper basins of the Apennine foredeep never underwent desiccation during the Messinian salinity crisis, but rather received the eroded marginal evaporites. This fact, usually overlooked, raises important questions about the deep desiccation model of the Mediterranean.     

会计诚信与职业道德

近年来,以会计信息失真为突出现象的会计诚信和职业道德的严重危机,犹如一个无底的黑洞,吞噬着会计人员规范的执业行为。面对我国目前会计诚信和职业道德危机的现状,如何重塑会计诚信,已成为时下会计界急需解决的问题,本文就会计诚信与职业道德谈点自己的看法。     

高效钻探技术是加速“危机矿山接替资源勘探规划”实施的最有效手段

论述了矿产资源对我国经济建设及社会发展的重要意义、我国矿产资源面临的严峻形势以及实施“危机矿山接替资源勘探规划”的必要性。强调了高效地质取样钻探技术在实施“规划”中不可替代的重要作用，提出了加速“规划”实施和降低施工成本的高效钻探技术。     

人水关系的历史回顾

对人水关系问题出现的原因、现象及其对人们思维方式的影响作了简要的概括,并指出数学模式不适合准确灾害预报的需要。数学模式有助于人们通过工程手段建设和谐的人水关系的基本概念与设计的参考,而工程调控在信息时代将会成为解决环境问题主要途径。     

Crisis in policy, policy in crisis: understanding environmental discourse and resource-use conflict in northern Nigeria

This article explores the emergence and persistence of crisis narratives in the policy environment of twentieth century Nigeria. It finds that environmental crisis narratives have a well-established and traceable historical lineage, initially, as continuity between colonial and post-colonial policy discourse, but more recently with donor agencies gaining increasing importance in influencing and shaping debate. Counter-narratives are identified, but these lack historical 'legitimacy', and often sit uncomfortably alongside donor-funded initiatives. In light of weak governance systems that impede the development and maintenance of robust data-sets, the article argues that flawed 'conventional wisdom' regarding environmental processes and people–environment linkages will combine to produce a policy environment that could actually constrain rather than enable the improvement of rural livelihoods.     

The Origin and Evolution of Safe-Yield Policies in the Kansas Groundwater Management Districts

The management of groundwater resources in Kansas continues to evolve. Declines in theHigh Plains aquifer led to the establishment of groundwater management districts in themid-1970s and reduced streamflows prompted the enactment of minimum desirable streamflowstandards in the mid-1980s. Nonetheless, groundwater levels and streamflows continued todecline, although at reduced rates compared to premid-1980s rates. As a result, safe-yieldpolicies were revised to take into account natural groundwater discharge in the form of streambaseflow. These policies, although a step in the right direction, are deficient in several ways.In addition to the need for more accurate recharge data, pumping-induced streamflow depletion,natural stream losses, and groundwater evapotranspiration need to be accounted for in therevised safe-yield policies. Furthermore, the choice of the 90% flow-duration statistic as ameasure of baseflow needs to be reevaluated, as it significantly underestimates mean baseflowestimated from baseflow separation computer programs; moreover, baseflow estimation needsto be refined and validated.     

全球镍矿贸易网络的供应风险传播研究

镍是全球能源低碳转型所需的关键金属之一。近年来受资源保护、地缘政治冲突、突发事件等的影响, 镍供应风险随时可能发生。因此, 了解不同国家供应危机的传播过程和影响强度, 对于贸易国来说非常重要。为了探讨这一问题, 我们使用2020年的数据构建了全球镍矿贸易网络, 并在此基础上建立了级联失效模型。因此, 本文不仅模拟了供应风险在贸易网络中的传播过程, 而且导出了一个雪崩网络用来分析危机传播动力学的结构特征。结果表明: (1)影响供应危机传播过程动力学的一个决定性参数r=7时, 不同国家镍矿供应风险雪崩规模之间的差异性能够良好体现。(2)不同国家发生供应风险时, 出口量最大的国家不一定影响最多的国家。(3)只有菲律宾的供应短缺能引发中国的镍矿供应危机。(4)在级联过程中, 间接链路在风险的传播中起着关键作用。