基于人工湿地的水环境治理和优化技术在太湖流域的应用

水质优化技术在太湖流域水污染治理中起到了重要的作用。介绍了几类常用的基于人工湿地的水质优化技术,包括农村生活污水治理技术、城镇生活污水厂水质优化技术、河道治理技术及雨水治理技术。阐述了人工湿地在太湖流域水系统优化中的应用,包括阳澄湖莲花岛生态湿地对农村生活污水的治理和常熟新材料产业园生态湿地对工业尾水的治理,2个项目水处理效果良好,达到了相应的水质要求。探讨了基于人工湿地的水质优化技术在太湖流域水环境治理和优化的前景,该技术可在海绵城市建设、城镇污水处理厂提标、黑臭河道整治等领域推广和应用。     

Cashing Out,Cashing In: Rural change on the south coast of Western Australia

Over the past century the cultural and physical landscape of the Shire of Denmark on the south coast of Western Australia has been transformed by successive waves of in-migrants. The paper examines the period since the early 1970s when alternative lifestylers and early retirees, attracted by the district's natural beauty and low land prices, began moving in and acquiring former Group Settlement holdings. The activities of these and subsequent 'alternatives' and 'cashed out' early retirees settling in the district have raised the marketability of the Shire's cultural capital. These changes have occurred in association with broader processes of rural restructuring and changing notions of 'rurality'. Increasingly, Denmark's cultural and physical landscape has become a highly marketable product for consumption by Perth's affluent middle classes. In recent years land prices have risen rapidly as speculators and financiers seek to 'cash in' on the 'cashed out' society. The paper explores these issues and relates them to broader processes of economic and social change occurring at the national and international levels.     

Towards developing a geoscientific approach to sustainable agricultural and rural development

 Conventional practices employed to achieve sustainable agricultural and rural development (SARD) tend to be subjective, focus on effects rather than causes, and have little diagnostic or predictive value. Consequently, many of the management options and solutions adopted to restore degraded natural resources are, often, economically unviable and environmentally unsustainable. These shortcomings are believed to be caused, partly, by overlooking or insufficiently recognizing the role and importance of geology to SARD. This paper demonstrates that geology is the most critical factor in the genesis of biophysical resources and in determining sustainability of agricultural and rural development. A case study from Australia shows how geological principles can be employed to obtain goals of ecological sustainability. A geologically-based model for cold temperate regions is provided to assist resource users and managers in understanding and predicting the genetic influence of geology on the inherent potential, constraint and resilience of the biophysical resources. Received: 7 January 2000 · Accepted: 23 May 2000     

海洋动力环境立体监测数据共享服务系统的设计及实现

以福建省海洋动力环境立体监测数据为例,在分析监测数据来源形成特点的基础上,基于分布式数据库、网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)等技术设计了一个海洋立体监测数据的共享服务系统,并详细介绍了共享服务系统采用的数据组织结构、总体框架、业务功能模块以及空间数据发布与服务的实现方法,最后给出典型应用例子的用户界面。     

战略耦合演化视角下的区域经济韧性分析框架

在全球政治经济变局和多尺度危机冲击语境下,区域经济韧性已成为当下经济地理学探究区域发展动态的核心议题。区域经济韧性不仅有关本地经济属性和适应力,更受到外部联系动态的影响,在范式上需融入多尺度网络动态观。本文将全球生产网络理论中的战略耦合概念纳入到演化经济地理学的区域经济韧性思想中,对两部分文献进行计量分析和梳理对比。在此基础上,以战略耦合不同模式（即耦合、去耦合、再耦合）为切入点,构建了一套基于“战略耦合演化”的区域经济韧性分析框架。研究结论：① 任何一种战略耦合模式,均是一种“战略性求变”和“语境应对”的能动行为过程,是理解区域经济韧性尺度性与能力来源的核心。② 两者在“连接度”“语境敏感性”“路径发展”概念上有较高的思想共性,相互融合可提升区域经济韧性的理论内涵。③ 战略耦合的能动主体、目的、嵌入性程度及方式是理解区域经济韧性特征和机制的关键,有助于从“地方-全球连接互动”的视角来综合分析区域经济韧性的初始属性（区域优势）、过程（恢复、更新和转型）、能力（恢复力、转型力和更新力）和结果（多元路径发展趋势）。本文认为战略耦合演化视角有利于破除以往“区域主义”韧性思想,能更科学地剖析区域经济韧性的多尺度语境依赖、多主体能动过程和多要素互动机制。此外,有利于推动关系与演化经济地理范式的融合创新,对“双循环”战略下中国企业决策和区域经济发展有重要现实意义。     

新时代法治渔村建设的挑战与出路

渔村治理现代化作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分,因其自身固有的发展特征,亟须进行法治化改革。这既是对全面依法治国方略在渔村治理的落实,也同新时代乡村治理体系的基本逻辑相符合。因此,新时代法治渔村建设需要中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引,法治价值同时为推进新时代渔村治理法治化,为渔村的政治、经济、社会发展以及生态文明建设等提供了重要的思想基础。法治价值的适用同样对于促进渔村渔业的高质量发展和改善传统渔村经济落后的局面具有重要意义,有必要在中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引下,找到新时代渔村良法善治的有效路径。     

An historical account of Brazilian public policy on fisheries subsidies

This paper presents a historical account of Brazilian public policy on fisheries subsidies, and a discussion of problems and limitations resulting from such policy. From the 1960s to the mid-1980s, public policies led to a great increase in fisheries catch without appropriate consideration for the long-term sustainability of the resources, resulting in declining catches over the years. The goals of current Brazilian public policy on fisheries will not help in reducing overexploitation. This is because these policies are too optimistic about the abundance of fish in Brazil's EEZ, and are not accompanied by a fisheries management plan that is likely to work.     

基于1985—2010年历史资料的山东省台风灾害风险评估

基于对1985—2010年间的多种历史资料和数据分析,对山东省成灾台风进行了灾害风险评估。为减少不同时期社会经济发展水平对灾害损失评估结果的影响,用标准化方法分析评估了各年的灾害损失。采用模糊数学的方法建立了综合定量指标,利用所建立的指标综合地考察了台风灾害的影响。在分析各致灾因子的作用时,将台风灾情与人文、社会要素相结合,并利用地理信息系统(GIS)平台进行了综合分析。评估结果表明,标准化的台风灾害损失情况呈逐年下降趋势,并呈现地域差异,具有明显的时空分布特征。本文研究结果可望为山东省沿海地区台风灾害的防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

Geography and paratactical interdisciplinarity: Views from the ESRC-NERC PhD studentship programme

Interdisciplinarity is a notoriously difficult concept to define, and even harder to achieve in practice. All too often social approaches reduce science to an object of study, or conversely physical science approaches are invoked as a source of ‘higher’ truth. Drawing upon our experiences as ESRC-NERC PhD students within geography, we outline a paratactical approach that links disciplines by adjacency rather than hierarchy. Toppling the disciplinary hierarchy creates the potential for non-reductionistic dialogue between science and social science, but it also raises a series of practical difficulties. These are considered around the themes of polyvocality, breadth over depth and (im)permanence. We suggest that while this kind of approach is increasingly encouraged by research funding bodies, it is less easily sustained within the everyday mechanics of the academic world.     

Rural gentrification in Catalonia, Spain: A case study of migration, social change and conflicts in the Empordanet area

The intensity of rural depopulation in Catalonia has diminished since the 1980s. New population growth patterns are occurring in rural areas, basically due to immigration. Although there has been a certain awareness of the magnitude of this process and its territorial distribution, little is known about the protagonists in this immigration and the impact on rural municipalities. Results are presented from a study of the immigration process in a group of rural inland municipalities close to the Costa Brava, a Mediterranean coastal region with extensive tourism. The great beauty of the landscape and the existence of housing stock that is being abandoned but remains desirable have led to a population influx from Catalonia’s large urban areas, especially Barcelona, purchasing these homes as a primary or secondary residence.This has led to rehabilitation of the housing stock, but also to higher housing prices and the resulting exodus of the young local population that cannot afford them; a potential source of conflict between the local population and the newcomers. The study is based on census data and statistical records, as well as extensive fieldwork, including interviews with local residents, newcomers and key informants.