杭州市钱塘新区地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价

地下空间地质环境适宜性评价是实现地下空间合理有序开发的重要环节,也是国土空间科学规划的必要前提。通过系统分析杭州市钱塘新区地质环境条件,从地形地貌、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、活动断裂及地震效应、环境地质问题等五个方面选取15个指标构建了地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用变权层次分析法和灰色关联分析模型,对浅层(0~ 15m)、次浅层(15~ 30m)、次深层(30~ 50 m)地下空间进行了开发利用地质环境条件适宜性评价。结果表明,研究区浅层和次深层地下空间更适宜开发,而次浅层地下空间适宜性好和适宜性较好的总面积仅占全区的45.7%,地质环境条件复杂,具有一定的开发难度。该结果可为钱塘新区地下空间合理开发提供参考。     

Challenging spatial and seasonal distribution of fish landings—The experiences from rural community quotas in Norway

In most fisheries catch per unit effort shows significant seasonal and spatial variation. Traditionally, i.e. when vessels are free to choose their harvesting strategy, 80% of the Norwegian cod is landed during the winter in a limited geographical area. To alter the seasonal and spatial supply of cod to the fish processing industry, rural community quotas were introduced. In this paper, we develop a model to predict how different vessels will adapt to the quotas introduced. The hypotheses developed are mostly confirmed in an empirical study. Theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.     

城市化过程中半城市化地区社区人居环境特征研究——以厦门市集美区为例

城市化过程中半城市化地区存在着城市化程度由低到高的农村社区、城乡过渡型社区以及居住小区等城市型社区,社区人居环境多样化、多变化。在城市化影响下,这些社区人居环境呈现一定的特征。以厦门市集美区为例,通过选取典型社区,分析其景观格局特征,构建人居环境评价指标体系,对城市化过程中半城市化地区不同类型社区的人居环境特征进行了研究。结果表明:①从农村到城乡过渡型社区,建筑面积比例显著增加,道路面积比例变化不大,而林地和草地面积比例逐渐减少,景观格局逐渐变为景观类型较单一、以现代建筑为优势景观的状态,景观趋于破碎化,形状略趋复杂,城市居住小区各类景观面积比例则相对合理,但景观高度破碎化、形状较规则。②城市化过程中各类型社区人居环境质量均逐渐变好,城乡过渡型社区和农村尤为明显,城市居住小区质量明显高于过渡型社区与农村,且除城中村之外,从农村到城市居住小区社区城市化程度与人居环境质量呈正相关关系。③城市化总体上促进了社区人居环境质量的提高,但对社区人居环境各方面的作用具有不同的规律,对于环境质量、人文环境等方面具有一定的负面影响。     

GMOs and their contexts: A comparison of potential and actual performance of GM crops in a local agricultural setting

In this paper, I argue that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have inherent potential to contribute to socially and environmentally sustainable agriculture by virtue of their ‘biological embeddedness’. Their actual ‘performance’ and how this contributes to sustainability depends on the ‘mutual shaping’ of technology and context. While much attention has been given to the design context of GMOs, this paper considers the influence of the application context and of users. A case study investigating the use of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM cotton in the cotton-growing region of New South Wales in Australia is presented. The study was based on focus groups with farmers and other stakeholders in a cotton-growing community. It demonstrated a range of direct and indirect effects of GM cotton use, both positive and negative for sustainability, and the ways in which these effects were influenced by the local social context. The influences of the biotechnology industry context, in limiting the contributions that gene technologies can make to sustainability, were also considered, and remedies suggested. I argue that the polarity of the GM debate is hindering progress on these issues, and that a more balanced approach to our analysis of GMOs is necessary in order to fully understand, and to influence, their role in the future of rural spaces.     

基于全球价值链的顺德产业升级路径和高端化策略分析

以全球价值链理论为指导,分析顺德产业的现状特征,指出顺德产业在全球价值链中普遍处于附加值低的环节,规模小、专业化程度低、研发创新能力不足、缺乏自主品牌等制约了顺德产业的升级。为占据全球价值链的高端,顺德产业升级必须坚持"优二进三"战略,坚持"增量调优、存量调强"以及"增量"与"存量"相结合的三条路径来促进产业向高端化升级,同时实施技术化和服务化战略,加大顺德产业的整合以及技术创新和品牌建设力度,加快第三产业尤其是生产性服务业的发展,以实现顺德产业的快速升级转型和可持续发展。     

Optimal rural land use allocation in central China: Linking the effect of spatiotemporal patterns and policy interventions

Rural land use development is experiencing a transition stage of socioeconomic and land use development in China. Historic land use transition process and policy interventions have key influence on the applicability of land use allocation solutions in future land use management. Strategic land use allocation is therefore required to possess a good adjustment capability to the transition process. Although heuristic optimization methods have been promising to solve land use allocation problems, most of them ignored the spatially explicit effect of historic land use transition and policies. To help resolve this issue, this study aims to optimize future land use pattern in the context of rural land use development. We took Yunmeng County, one of the typical major grain producing and rapidly urbanizing areas in central China, as a case study and solved the sustainable land use allocation problem by using an improved heuristic optimization model. The model was constructed based on the integration of a spatial discrete particle swarm optimization and cellular automata-Markov simulation approach. The spatiotemporal land use patterns and policy interventions were represented by the CA-Markov as in spatially explicit transition rules, and then incorporated into the discrete PSO for optimal land use solutions. We examined the influence of the joint effect of spatiotemporal land use patterns and policy interventions on the land use allocation outcome. Our results demonstrate the robustness and potential of the proposed model, and, more importantly, indicate the significance of incorporating the spatiotemporal land use patterns and policy interventions into rural land use allocation.     

基于高分六号WFV数据的冬小麦种植面积提取

冬小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一,准确获取冬小麦种植面积具有重要的现实意义.为探究高分六号卫星影像进行冬小麦遥感监测的可行性和精确性,本文选取甘肃省崆峒区为研究区,运用红边波段+监督分类中的支持向量机法,提取了2019年崆峒区冬小麦种植面积,并利用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行精度验证.结果表明:提取崆峒区冬小麦种植面积为150...     

安徽省池州市农村土地整治与美好乡村建设耦合联动研究

在安徽省提出推进美好乡村建设的背景下,界定了农村土地整治与美好乡村建设耦合联动的内涵、实质和系统,探讨了安徽省池州市农村土地整治与美好乡村建设耦合联动内容,探索了农村土地整治与美好乡村建设耦合联动保障机制。研究表明,农村土地整治是推进美好乡村建设的有力抓手,而建设美好乡村则是实施农村土地整治的重要目标,且二者通过农地整治系统、农村建设用地整治系统和农村土地生态环境整治系统耦合联动。二者耦合联动的内容包括：推进农地整治工程,建设生产发展的美好乡村;推进农村建设用地整治工程,建设生活宜居的美好乡村;推进农村土地生态环境整治工程,建设生态文明的美好乡村。要实现农村土地整治与美好乡村建设耦合联动需要通过构建以下机制：规划协调保障机制、创新融资保障机制、农民权益保障机制、技术支撑保障机制和制度创新保障机制。     

大都市郊区农村土地制度综合改革的探索与创新——以上海市浦东新区为例

在中央提出推进新型城镇化和实施农村土地制度改革试点的新形势下,如何适应客观实际、率先探索出大都市郊区土地综合改革新路并为全国其他地区改革提供参考借鉴,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文以上海市浦东新区为例,深入分析梳理大都市郊区农村土地开发利用和改革创新所面临的问题与主要瓶颈,在此基础上就如何深化农村土地制度综合改革的总体思路和具体措施提出有针对性和可操作性的对策建议。     

Construction of ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District

Oasis is the core area of social and economic development in the arid western regions, and is also a territory with prominent ecological environmental problems. Because of the unreasonable development and utilization of soil and water resources, the ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is threatened by soil salinization, shrinkage of lakes and wetlands, and deterioration of water environment. As for these environmental problems, the direct cause is the loss of regulation of groundwater depth or serious pollution of water caused by man-made irrational exploitation, and the root cause lies in shortage of water resources and unreasonable allocation of water resources. In this regard, it is believed that the primary task for the construction ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is to adjust the allocation structure of water resources and to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for which the direct means is to carry out dynamic control of water and salt based on the ecological landscape structure and land type in the Irrigation District in accordance with local conditions.