三峡库区地质背景对土壤元素分布的影响及地方病效应

利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区灰岩母岩区与泥岩母岩区两种不同母岩条件下土壤中52个元素的含量分布特征。结果表明:三峡库区灰岩母岩区土壤元素富集而泥岩母岩区土壤元素贫乏,As、Br、B、Sb、C、F、I、Li、Mo、CaO等元素在灰岩母岩区土壤中含量大于泥岩区2倍以上。泥岩母岩区土壤元素含量比灰岩母岩区高的元素仅有Ba、P、Sr、Na₂O、SiO₂。元素分布的差异与三峡库区的地氟病与克山病分布关系密切,地氟病高发区主要分布于灰岩母岩风化形成的高氟土壤区,克山病则主要发生于泥岩母岩风化形成的低硒土壤区。地质背景对地方性疾病具有明显的区域控制作用,研究成果为三峡库区农业及城乡的合理规划布局提供了参考依据。     

A 200-year precipitation index for the central English Lake District / Un indice de précipitation de 200 ans pour la Région des Lacs en Angleterre

Abstract

Abstract The geographical context and hydroclimatology of the English Lake District means that the region is an important monitor of changes to nationally significant environmental assets. Using monthly rainfall series for sites in and around the central Lake District, a continuous ~200-year precipitation index was constructed for a representative station close to Grasmere. The bridged series shows a significant decline in summer rainfall since the 1960s, offset by increases in winter and spring that are strongly linked to North Atlantic forcing. Over longer time periods, the index exhibits several notable dry (1850s, 1880s, 1890s, 1930s, 1970s) and wet (1820s, 1870s, 1920s, 1940s, 1990s) decades. These patterns are strongly reflected by reservoir inflow series and by indicators of the biological status of the region’s freshwater lakes. It is argued that long-term climate indices will become increasingly important as managers seek to evaluate recent and project environmental changes within the context of long-term natural variability.     

从人口资源与生态环境的观点分析我国国情与农村经济发展

本文从人口与资源、生态环境等方面,简要地探讨了我国国情与农村经济发展的趋向,论述了人口与资源、环境的制约因素。认为只有通过严格控制人口,强化人力开发利用;节约资源,增加投入,挖掘潜力;增强环境保护意识,推行综合防治措施等有效途径,辩证地处理好生存与发展的关系,才能保证我国农村经济获得持续稳定协调发展。     

广州市环境噪声总体水平分析及其控制：以越秀区为例

随着广州市改革开放的深入发展，作为广州市中心区的越秀区环境噪声总体水平居高不下，而且还有上升趋势。本文分析了越秀区环境噪声现状和发展，对环境噪声总体水平的控制提出建议和对策。     

Pastoralists’ perceptions and realities of vegetation change and browse consumption in the northern Kalahari, Namibia

Pastoral production around artificial watering points in semi-arid environments affects the density and composition of plant communities. In the Kalahari desert of southwestern Africa, bush encroachment is often regarded as the major form of land degradation resulting from pastoral production around watering points. We investigated the OvaHerero pastoralists’ perceptions of the extent of vegetation change since the establishment of artificial watering points in the northern Kalahari desert of Namibia, and related this to ecological data on vegetation change. We determined the utility of woody vegetation to pastoralists’ livelihoods in terms of provision of construction material, fuel wood and browse. We quantified local knowledge of cattle browse consumption and correlated this with field data. We also assessed the purposes for which major livestock types were used. Our results showed that: (1) pastoral knowledge of bush encroachment and browse consumption was consistent with concurrently collected field data, (2) the current level of bush encroachment was perceived to be beneficial for pastoral production, and (3) cattle played an important role in the production of milk and milk by-products for domestic use, and served as a source of cash income, while sheep and goats were primarily kept for meat consumption. This result contrasts with historical studies that mainly portray cattle as a symbol of social status among OvaHerero pastoralists.     

National and transnational borderlanders’ attitudes towards the security fence between Israel and the Palestinian Authority

The subject of the security fence between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank has become a major issue in Israel and in the world in the last several years. The main aim of this research is to reveal the attitudes and thoughts about the fence held by local residents living in settlements (borderlanders) in the proximity of a part of the security fence that has already been completed. The research concentrates on the western-Israeli side of the fence, as it aspires to delve into and understand the meaning and implications of the security fence on matters such as personal security, safety of property and freedom of movement, the possibility of maintaining social and economic ties between the two sides and feelings about living in the area in the future. Underlying this research is the transformation occurring in the border area as a result of its closure by construction of the security fence, after many years in which it was open partially. This process has many diverse consequences, some of them contradictory, on the two populations residing near the border in Israel: the majority Jewish population (the national borderlanders), and the minority Arab population (the transnational borderlanders).     

昆明市盘龙区世博片区2010年环境规划设计

针对昆明市盘龙区世博片区的环境现状和环境功能区分区，对昆明市盘龙区世博片区进行了5年环境规划设计，介绍了世博片区环境规划设计的程序和方法，完成了昆明市盘龙区世博片区环境规划设计方案，提出噪声控制、汽车尾气治理排放、油漆厂水污染物的削减、生活燃煤的替代和排烟脱硫技术的引进、世博片区周边常住人口的总量控制，是确保世博片区环境功能区——环境重点保护地区达标的主要途径和措施，并进一步探讨了当前环境规划设计存在的问题。     

北京十三陵地区中—新元古界碳酸盐岩Pb—Pb年龄研究

对北京十三陵地区中一新元古界碳酸盐岩进行了系统地采样和207pb/204pb-206Pb/204Pb年龄测定.共测定了63个样品(大部分样品采取两种溶解方式),得到中元古界雾迷山组第三段的207Pb/204pb-206Pb/204pb等时线年龄为1373±92Ma(95%置信度误差,下同,MSWD＝4.7),杨庄组为1488±55Ma(MSWD＝14),高于庄组第三段为1608±74Ma(MSWD＝8.1).这些年龄数据与目前已有地质记录相吻合.串岭沟组的碳酸盐相的206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb未构成等时线,但全岩的206Pb/204pb-207Pb/204Pb比碳酸盐相具有更明显的线性趋势,其原因尚待进一步研究.另外,根据同一个样品用稀盐酸溶解和用氢氟酸加硝酸混合酸溶解的铅同位素比值的接近的现象,显示碳酸盐岩中的硅质没有陆源的特征,是沉积盆地中的产物.     

1991年淮河流域农村洪涝灾情分析

本文从灾害系统的概念出发,分析了1991年淮河流域苏皖地区农村洪水的雨情、水情和灾情,并探讨了这次洪水对农村造成严重灾情的原因。