基于遥感影像的建筑数据构建研究

在地震灾情快速评估中,基于空间分布的高精度房屋和人口数据是最重要的两组数据,其直接决定着灾情快速评估结果的准确性以及现场重点救援的目标指向。然而,高精度房屋数据的获取一直是一个难题,由于受到诸多因素的制约,至今缺少好的解决途径,这也是导致当前灾情快速评估准确性不高的主要原因之一。本文基于遥感影像和实地调查相结合,构建较高精度的房屋基础信息,更好地反映房屋和人口的实际分布情况,为提高地震灾害损失快速评估的精度和准确性奠定必要的基础。     

网络地理信息服务中用户空间访问聚集行为研究

研究网络地理信息服务用户的访问行为,有利于了解用户地理信息兴趣、实现按需服务.本文基于全空间信息系统建模的理论,构建用户-访问城市关系网络,研究用户访问的空间聚集性.顾及到关系网络中行为关系强度的表达需要同时考虑用户访问行为、城市关联关系和城市结构,仅用单一的用户访问行为数据会存在偏差,本文提出了基于矩阵分解的数据融合...     

Seasonal abundance of non-commercial demersal fish in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in relation to hydrographic and sediment characteristics

Fish-habitat associations were investigated for twenty-five non-commercial demersal species in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) using Generalized Additive Modeling techniques. Fishery related abundance indices, derived from experimental bottom trawl surveys, were linked to various habitat variables: substrate characteristics, area, season, depth, temperature and salinity. Depth was the most important factor for all species. Eleven species showed decreasing abundance with depth, while the remaining species were more abundant in specific depth zones either on the continental shelf or in the upper continental slope. Most species were associated with specific substratum characteristics such as the dry weight percentage of sand-gravel and the carbonate content. The dry weight percentage of sand-gravel in the sediments was selected as a predictor of the relative abundance of most (twenty three) species. Seasonal patterns in the relative abundance of species were observed, related in most cases to the seasonal differentiation of temperature. The effect of temperature was more pronounced in summer and autumn, when a marked thermocline is observed, while it was much less intense in winter. For most of the species, the preferable habitat was identified, that contributes valuable information for the successful implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.     

Modeling propensity to move after job change using event history analysis and temporal GIS

The research presented in this paper analyzes the emergent residential behaviors of individual actors in a context of profound social changes in the work sphere. It incorporates a long-term view in the analysis of the relationships between social changes in the work sphere and these behaviors. The general hypothesis is that social changes produce complex changes in the long-term dynamics of residential location behavior. More precisely, the objective of this paper is to estimate the propensity for professional workers to move house after a change of workplace. Our analysis draws on data from a biographical survey using a retrospective questionnaire that enables a posteriori reconstitution of the familial, professional and residential lifelines of professional workers since their departure from their parents’ home. The survey was conducted in 1996 in the Quebec City Metropolitan Area, which, much like other Canadian cities, has experienced a substantial increase in “unstable” work, even for professionals. The approach is based on event history analysis, a Temporal Geographic Information System and exploratory spatial analysis of model’s residuals. Results indicate that 48.9% of respondents moved after a job change and that the most important factors influencing the propensity to move house after a job change are home tenure (for lone adults as for couple) and number of children (for couples only). We also found that moving is associated with changing neighborhood for owners while tenants or co-tenants tend to stay in the same neighborhood. The probability of moving 1 year after a job change is 0.10 for lone adults and couples while after 2 years, the household structure seems to have an impact: the probability increased to 0.23 for lone adults and to 0.21 for couples. The outcome of this research contributes to furthering our understanding of a familial decision (to move) following a professional event (change of job), controlling for household structure, familial, professional and spatial contexts.

Stakeholder objective preferences in Australian Commonwealth managed fisheries

Fisheries management is increasingly involving a wide range of stakeholders in the decision making process. However, in most fisheries, the set of management objectives are poorly defined, and the implicit importance placed on these objectives may vary considerably both between and within different stakeholder groups. This may lead to conflicts within management advisory groups where members from different stakeholder groups view potential management outcomes substantially differently, and inconsistencies in decision making when changes in stakeholder representation take place. In this paper, the institutional structure of fisheries management in Australia and the roles the different organisations play in shaping fisheries management plans are detailed. An explicit hierarchy of management objectives is developed in collaboration with key managers and policy makers. A large survey of stakeholders involved in Australian Commonwealth fisheries management was undertaken to determine stakeholder preferences relating to these objectives. The results highlight the differences in perspectives regarding the relative importance of the multiple objectives of fisheries management. While on average stakeholder preferences generally correspond with their expected preference set, the results also indicate that there is generally low coherence within stakeholder groups.     

基于地理标记照片的个性化景点推荐方法

研究如何根据已有的海量旅游信息及数据,为游客个性化推荐旅游景点具有重要意义。本文利用从Flickr网站获取的2013—2018年香港特别行政区范围内的地理标记照片来识别旅游景点,并根据游客游览顺序重建旅游轨迹。在此基础上,针对现有方法尚未考虑游客偏好在旅行过程中会发生动态变化的问题,提出一种基于隐含狄利克雷分布模型（Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA）和用户长短期偏好的个性化景点推荐方法（A Recommendation Method Based on LDA and User's Long and Short-Term Preference, L-ULSP）。该方法利用LDA主题模型获取景点特征信息,挖掘景点间的相关性,再利用注意力机制和长短期记忆网络分别学习用户的长期偏好和短期偏好,最后结合长短期偏好捕捉用户偏好的动态变化。实验结果表明, L-ULSP方法所推荐的景点在命中率和平均倒数排名2个指标上均优于现有其他方法,证明了本文所提方法可以从景点序列中有效学习游客偏好,并为游客推荐下一个景点。此外,本文通过对比实验,进一步验证了同时考虑用户的长短期偏好能够更好地学习用户的偏好变化。     

Human health as a motivator for climate change mitigation: results from four European high-income countries

Invoking health benefits to promote climate-friendly household behavior has three unique advantages: (i) health co-benefits accrue directly to the acting individual, they are "private goods" rather than public ones; (ii) the evidence base for, and magnitude of health co-benefits is well-established; and (iii) the idea of a healthy life-style is well-engrained in public discourse, much more so than that of a climate-friendly life-style. In previous research, assessing the influence of information on health effects on people’s motivation to adopt mitigation actions, health co-benefits for the individual were typically confounded with collective health co-benefits, for example from pollution reduction. The present research aims to overcome this limitation by providing information on individual health co-benefits that are unconditional on the actions of others (direct health co-benefits). We report effects of this kind of health information on stated willingness to adopt mitigation actions as well as on simulation-based carbon emission reductions in a pre-registered experimental setting among 308 households in 4 mid-size case-study cities in 4 European high-income countries: France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. For each mitigation action from the sectors food, housing, and mobility, half of the sample received the amount of CO₂equivalents (CO₂-eq) saved and the financial costs or savings the respective action generated. The other half additionally received information on direct health co-benefits, where applicable. For households receiving information on direct health co-benefits, we find a higher mean willingness to adopt food and housing actions, and a greater proportion very willing to adopt one or more mitigation actions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.1, 3.12); and a greater simulated reduction in overall carbon footprint: difference in percent reduction -2.70%, (95% CI -5.34, -0.04) overall and -4.45%, (95% CI -8.26, -0.64) for food. Our study is the first to show that providing information on strictly unconditional, individual health co-benefits can motivate households in high-income countries to adopt mitigation actions.     

福州市区居民环城游憩偏好研究

随着福州环城游憩带发展日趋成熟,福州市区居民的环城游憩需求也日益旺盛,其游憩偏好在很大程度上决定了福州环城游憩带游憩功能的发挥.文章采用问卷调查的方法,从游憩形式、游憩吸引物及游憩区位3个方面分析了福州市区居民的环城游憩偏好特征及影响因素,并结合市区居民的环城游现状,为福州环城游憩带的发展提出合理化的建议.     

Housing affordability and residential mobility as drivers of locational inequality

This paper applies established methods from population geography to assess the impact of Australia’s emerging housing affordability crisis in shaping the distribution of Australia’s population into more or less advantaged places. Using a whole of population measure of locational advantage/disadvantage, we analyse the characteristics of movers, their reasons for moving, and their pre and post move residential outcomes. We find evidence at the population level of a ‘two-speed’ process, where - on average - Australians are moving to slightly more advantageous locations, but more vulnerable groups undertake more frequent, multi-step moves to disadvantaged areas. Housing affordability is found to be the key driver of the selective migration of some Australians into less advantaged places. The paper highlights the dynamic character of places, the increasing importance of housing affordability as a determinant of population distribution, and signals a need to look beyond simple place-based interventions.     

Beyond climate,culture and comfort in European preferences for low-carbon heat

It is imperative that climate, energy, and sustainability policy researchers and practitioners grapple with the difficulty of decarbonizing heat, which remains the largest single end-use energy service worldwide. In this study, based on a comparative assessment of five original and representative national surveys in Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (N = 10,109), we explore public attitudes of household heat decarbonization in Europe. We explore how people conceive of the purposes of low-carbon heat, their preferences for particular forms of heat supply, and their (at times odd) practices of heat consumption and temperature settings. The data reveal four significant challenges to heat decarbonization that are consistent across geographies: 1) High satisfaction with existing, often fossil fuel based, heating systems; 2) Varying and divergent preferences and expectations for thermal comfort; 3) Householders unlikely to change their heating system in the near-term, in part driven by low familiarity and knowledge of alternative systems; and 4) heat satisfaction appears lower as the fuel mix is decarbonized. The paper concludes by connecting these findings with policy and research implications.