Variegated global expansion: Internationalization strategies in the temporary staffing industry

This article seeks to contribute to our understanding of the internationalization processes of business service sectors through an analysis of the 20 leading TNCs in the temporary staffing industry. While these TNCs broadly conform to a loosely coordinated decentralized or multinational organisational model, there is significant firm-to-firm, spatial and temporal variability in the internationalization strategies that they employ, deriving from both the breadth of the industry - i.e. the range of different staffing activities that it encompasses - and the inherently territorially-embedded nature of staffing industry activity. These complexities are exemplified through consideration, in turn, of the scope of staffing TNCs, their foreign direct investment strategies, levels of central coordination, and degrees of standardization. The analysis demonstrates that, due to the need to respond to markets, temporary staffing TNCs exhibit highly spatially and temporally variable internationalization strategies and there are considerable barriers to both the centralization of control and the standardization of business practices.     

Role of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides as ozone precursors in the wintertime over East Asia

As an exercise in model sensitivity, the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields from the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was applied to study the response of photochemical oxidants to systematic increases in anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions in January 1997 over East Asia. Three simulations-one base case and two sensitivity simulations were carried out. Two sensitivity simulations were performed by assuming a 35% separate increase in anthropogenic VOC and NO_x emissions comparing with the base case. Biogenic VOC emissions were held constant across the sensitivity simulations. To evaluate the model performance, ozone mixing ratios (O₃) from the base case simulation were compared with surface observations at five remote sites in Japan, and it was found that the model reproduces most of the important features in the observations. Monthly average O₃ concentrations in the daytime were examined to gain an understanding of how the increase in anthropogenic emissions affected the overall chemical system for each sensitivity simulation.     

Water Security and the Countermeasures in South Asia Based on the “Belt and Road” Initiative

South Asia is the subregion of Asia with the most neighbors of China. Although the high mountains in the Great Himalayas spatially separate South Asia from East Asia along the border of China’s autonomous region of Tibet, the geographical items such as mountains and rivers link the countries in South Asia with China, resulting in a special and complex geopolitical environment and relationship. In this geopolitical relationship, the transboundary rivers are becoming a key issue of this region in an era of increasing water stress. Depleted and degraded transboundary water supplies have the potential to cause social unrest and spark conflict within and between countries in South Asia, and complicate the geopolitical relationship among them. In addition, the increasing impacts from climate change and human activities will definitely bring many transboundary eco-environmental issues in this region, projecting a big challenge to regional stability and development. The key issues related to the water resources supplement and exploration require the transboundary rivers to be a positive role in regional water resources utility and exploration, and the result will definitely affect regional relationship and water security. How to handle these issues and challenges will be a question for the countries in this region with a long time. Currently, the “Belt and Road” Initiative represents an opportunity to build a shared vision for common prosperity through regional cooperation and is a way to inject new positive energy into world peace and development. In the light of this, the countries with transboundary rivers in South Asia must come together to construct a cooperative mechanism of water security, and adopt a win-win cooperation for the use of transboundary rivers under the principles of “equal”, “equitable” and “reasonable”.     

基于资源承载力的区域可持续发展评价模式探讨 --对珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的初步评价

讨论区域可持续发展评价的现状,将资源的概念广义化,把资源划分成为自然资源,经济资源和社会资源三类,将自然,社会,经济三个子系统的作用量化为三类资源的人口承载能力,一个地区各类资源承载能力之和与当年实际人口数量之比可以作为区域可持续发展年度评价指标,根据１９９６年统计数据,应用这一模式对珠江三角经济区９个城市评价的结果,表明其仍处在可持续发展轨道上,它们的可持续发展能力大小依次是;广州,惠州,肇庆,     

基于大工程观教育理念的测绘工程文化育人策略

基于大工程观教育理念,从工程教育到工程文化教育的跨越入手,分析测绘工程文化在应用型人才培养中的地位,在理清测绘工程文化内涵与结构的基础上,进一步阐述测绘工程文化的价值取向,探讨大工程观教育理念下测绘工程文化育人的策略。     

用于塔里木地壳构造成像的重力场谱矩方法研究

现代地壳探测取得的各种地球物理场中包含有大量地壳构造信息,如果提取这些信息,可以在数学物理普适规律指导下计算出关于地壳构造的图件.由于区域重力场的高阶谱矩包含了场轮廓面的几何信息,可用于地质构造要素的分析计算,为地质构造要素选取和定位的计算机自动制图提供理论依据.由地面布格重力场的二阶谱矩的统计不变量计算,可导出表征地壳变形带的脊形化系数,用于计算机自动制作区域地壳变形带分布图.脊形化系数强弱区的边界代表了活动的和稳定的构造单元的边界.在计算脊形化系数的基础上,还可进一步计算其二阶谱矩的统计不变量并作进一步增强处理,计算构造单元的边界系数,对地壳构造单元边界作连续和精细的追踪.文中介绍了脊形化系数和边界系数的计算方法,以及用在塔里木盆地进行地壳构造分析的结果.圈定了塔里木盆地深层满中高密度扰动带和满南、满北低密度扰动带,为深层油气勘探提供重要基础资料.

     

粤港澳大湾区创新发展的进展、问题与战略思考

建设国际科技创新中心是粤港澳大湾区打造国际一流湾区的战略方向,也是中国应对未来全球竞争的重要空间载体。值《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》颁布实施3周年之际,论文通过梳理粤港澳大湾区创新发展的主要进展、问题,对新形势下建设粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心进行战略再思考。粤港澳大湾区已初步进入“创新经济”发展阶段,平台建设、人才集聚与政策配套持续强化,多样化的跨区域创新协同模式不断涌现,但是在成果质量、资源配置、人才结构等方面存在现实挑战。在继续巩固粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设已有的基础上,未来应从“创新资源的获取与创新能力的提升”“创新资源的协同与再分配”等方面持续进行战略优化与调整。     

区域水安全战略的研究进展

分析了区域水安全所面临的问题及其挑战,总结了国内外区域水安全战略研究和实践的现状,阐述了研究的发展趋势以及需进一步解决的问题。研究指出:在21世纪,区域社会经济发展与水安全之间的互动影响将更加紧密,运用现代战略思维理论和系统动力学仿真方法,在对区域进行系统动态仿真分析和检验评价的基础上选择科学合理的水安全战略,是一个具有重要现实意义和重大理论价值的研究课题。     

Micro- and macronutrients in the southeastern Bering Sea: Insight into iron-replete and iron-depleted regimes

Surface transects and vertical profiles of macronutrients, dissolved iron (D-Fe), and dissolved manganese (D-Mn) were investigated during August 2003 in the southeastern Bering Sea. We observed iron-limited, HNLC surface waters in the deep basin of the Bering Sea (15-20 μmol/kg nitrate, ∼0.07 nmol/kg D-Fe, and ?1.0 nmol/kg D-Mn); nitrate-limited, iron-replete surface waters over the shelf (<0.1 μmol/kg nitrate, 0.5-4 nmol/kg D-Fe, and 2-33 nmol/kg D-Mn); and high biomass at the shelf break (“Green Belt”), where diatoms appeared to have been stressed by low D-Fe concentrations (<0.3 nmol/kg). Sources of nitrate and iron to the Green Belt were investigated. A mixture of Aleutian North Slope Current water (with elevated, but non-sufficient iron concentrations relative to its high nitrate concentrations) and surface waters from the vicinity of the Bering Canyon (with lower nitrate concentrations, but similar dissolved iron concentrations) was carried along the shelf break by the Bering Slope Current. This water mixture provided macro- and micronutrients at the southern end of the shelf break. The oceanic domain supplied additional macronutrients to Green Belt waters, while the bottom layer of the outer shelf domain supplied additional macro- and micronutrients through enhanced vertical mixing at the shelf break. Surface waters near the Pribilof Islands, where the highest surface D-Fe concentrations were observed (∼5-6 nmol/kg), represent a potential source of additional iron to Green Belt waters. During summer, the subsurface water of the middle shelf domain is a potential source of nitrate to the nitrate depleted waters of the shelf. In this subsurface cool pool, we observed evidence of substantial denitrification with lower than expected nitrate concentrations.