开辟矿山第二产业,发展绿色循环经济

本文阐述了开发利用尾矿生产建筑用砖,替代传统粘土砖的重要意义和可行性。开发利用尾矿,有利于矿山环境治理,促进循环经济利用、保护耕地,还能减少地质灾害的形成。在为老矿山开辟新出路的同时,还增加了就业机会。     

欧洲地区不同温室气体背景下土地利用/覆盖变化的气候效应

通过温室气体排放和土地利用/覆盖变化,人类活动对气候变化产生显著影响。为了探究在不同温室气体浓度（Greenhouse gas concentration,GHG）背景下,相同的土地利用/覆盖变化（Land Use and Land Cover Change,LULCC）对于欧洲区域气候的影响差异,采用CESM（Community Earth System Model）耦合模式进行了模拟研究。研究发现,在1850年温室气体浓度背景下,土地利用/覆盖变化导致欧洲中东部地区降水显著增加,而在2000年温室气体浓度背景下,土地利用/覆盖变化导致欧洲中东部地区降水减少。温室气体增加后,LULCC导致该地区对流层低层大气环流由辐合变为辐散,气温以及大气水汽含量降低,这些变化能较大程度的改变LULCC对区域降水的净影响力。     

黔北习水县桑木场铅锌矿岩相学、矿相学特征 及与MVT型铅锌矿床的对比

习水县桑木场铅锌矿,容矿层为震旦系灯影组白云岩,属于局限台地相的碳酸盐盆地;铅锌矿受断层与裂隙控制,属于开放式空隙充填,矿石与容矿层呈脉状、网脉状接触。矿石矿物为闪锌矿及方铅矿,脉石矿物为重晶石、方解石、白云石、萤石、黄铁矿及石英。样品表现出两期成矿特征,根据矿物穿插关系可判定与流体活动相关的矿物生成顺序。本文结合习水县桑木场区域地质特征及样品岩相学、矿相学特征,初步判定研究区铅锌矿属于密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿,并以此典型矿床的成矿模式为指导,尝试在研究区内寻找较大型铅锌矿床。     

Open innovation and its discontents

This paper critically synthesizes empirics and issues in discrete inter-disciplinary literatures to identify ‘open innovation’ as part of an emergent regime of accumulation, overlaying and co-existing with flexible production, and encompassing novel firm-level strategies, new forms of corporate networks, and a disturbing capital-labor relation that informalizes innovative work while cultivating entrepreneurial but self-exploiting subjects. I explain the novelty of open innovation, its genealogy, and the implications for people and conditions of work as much as for firms in a new topology of power relations. I cast the ensemble of strategies and tactics encompassed in open innovation as contingent, continually unfolding, and sometimes chaotic if not destructive for both firms and labor, in contrast to the celebratory tone in the business as well as geography and regional studies literatures regarding its benefits for competitiveness, innovativeness, value capture, and development. Open innovation – the externalization of innovation – entails long-run approaches to innovation and investment that are fraught with problems, prompting the development of short-term tactics to engage the challenges. One short-run strategy, crowdsourcing, bypasses the conventional web of inter-firm relations to connect digitally with individuals of the global crowd, enabling firms to reap the benefits of the crowd’s innovative talents, often without remuneration under circumstances that institutionalize informal work. These neoliberal subjects are best understood in terms of multiple subjectivities. I close by connecting the crowdsourcing of innovative with non-innovative work, both of which are parts of the emergent regime associated with new hiring and work practices that usher in new modes of exploitation.     

The role of material efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions during ship manufacture: A life cycle approach

Low carbon shipping research focuses on energy efficiency and mitigation measures related to operations and technology. However, reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with a vessel’s material production receives limited attention. Material efficiency is defined as “providing material services with less material production and processing”. The current business model for ship building and breaking does not embrace fully material efficiency principles. Exploring a case study of a vessel's steel hull, this study applies a Life Cycle Assessment approach to determine the effectiveness of material efficiency to reduce CO₂ emissions. When compared to Business as Usual, designing and manufacturing for 100% hull reuse provides an emissions reduction of 29% from 221,978 t CO₂ to 158,285 t CO₂; 50% reuse provides a 10% reduction (199,816 t CO₂). From a technical and safety perspective there remain key barriers that need addressing: a vessel’s hull would require to be designed for dismantling to improve reuse; the operation and maintenance schedule must ensure the value of the steel is retained and; data must flow between key stakeholders on the quality of the steel. Despite these challenges, progressing material efficiency would require different business models that reach out and integrate the whole supply chain. There is a need for public and privately funded demonstration projects at a range of scales and markets, to provide investors the confidence that there is retained value in the steel hull when it reaches its end-of-life.     

Benefits and impediments for the integrated and coordinated management of European seas

New multi-sectoral policies with a regional implementation are developed when maritime states recognise the importance of managing the marine environment under an ecosystem-perspective rather than a use-perspective. In Europe, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is the first attempt to promote an integrated management of the seas from the coastline to the limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone. This paper shows that, nine years from the MSFD adoption, there remain several ecological, economic, social and governance challenges. Using information gathered in a dedicated survey of the European Union Marine Strategy Coordination Group and in the recent literature the paper identifies the obstacles preventing a successful regional cooperation and policy integration. The survey indicates that the MSFD coordination structures are, in general, well-developed but there is an apparent lack of political will to coordinate actions at the regional level. Member States request greater flexibility to implement the Directive but they put their national interests before the benefit of a coherent and integrated approach for the entire region. Differences in budget, economic sector predominance, lack of staff and the MSFD short time-scale are identified as the factors that can hamper cooperation. These have produced recommendations of possible strategies for optimising regional coordination structures which respect the subsidiarity principle underpinning the MSFD.     

Blue growth and ecosystem services

The recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the ocean economy. To cover a more sustainable dimension, terms such as ‘blue economy’ and ‘blue growth’ have been coined, and are increasingly used in international contexts and academic literature. However, there are no generally accepted definitions of these ‘blue’ concepts. In particular, it is not clear what connotation of sustainability and what role of natural environment is linked to these terms. The objective of this study is to retrace the meaning of the concepts of blue economy and blue growth and include them in a coherent environmental accounting framework. Starting from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting of the United Nations, a set of assumptions is proposed to link blue economy/growth and ecosystem services, including the creation of an adjusted measure of value added, while considering the depletion and degradation of the environment and the value of non-market benefits provided by the ecosystem. Finally, an example of this approach in the case of the Mediterranean Sea is presented.     

The performance of the Black Sea Commission as a collaborative governance regime

It is often claimed that the Black Sea is one of the most degraded seas in the world. Management to rehabilitate the Black Sea requires cooperation between the coastal countries to be successful. However, regional cooperation in the Black Sea is poorly coordinated and lack concrete outcomes. This article analyses the performance of the Black Sea Commission in terms of enabling and fostering effective regional collaboration between the Black Sea coastal countries. The results indicate that the measures undertaken by the Black Sea Commission are effective in terms of enabling scientific and project based cooperation between the Black Sea countries. The cooperation around regional and national institutional reforms to tackle the Black Sea environmental problems is found to be weak. Despite the existing mechanisms and willingness of countries to cooperate, the implementation of the established strategic action plan for the environmental protection and rehabilitation of the Black Sea is limited. Most of the limitations of the Black Sea Commission's regime are found in its institutional and legal frameworks, which constrain the effectiveness of collaborative efforts of the Black Sea countries. To be fully functional, the collaborative governance regime of the Black Sea Commission has to be improved. Recommendations as to how these may be addressed to enhance the regime's capacity to ensure effective marine collaborative governance in the region are presented in this article.     

台湾东北部地形共振对M2内潮演化影响的数值模拟研究

<正>压潮流、突变海底地形和稳定层结结构是内潮生成的主要因素。台湾东北部海域地形结构多变,正压潮流较强,形成复杂的内潮场。本文通过ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)模式,研究了台湾东北部海域两源区共振条件下内潮的生成、传播和耗散混合过程。结果表明:在台湾东北部海域,Mien-Hua海底峡谷与I-lan海脊是M2内潮重要的生成源区,源区之间的距离与M2内潮水平波长相当,满足共振条件并增强了内潮的生成和耗散。本文通过敏感性试验,探讨模式水平分辨率与不同季节的层化对源区共振过程的影响,数值实验表明,高分辨率的数值模式可以更好地刻画小尺度的地形结构,对复杂地形条件下内潮生成和传播过程的数值模拟十分必要;不同季节的海水层化结构在本质上不改变两源区间的共振关系,但层化强弱对内潮能量的生成具有一定程度的影响。     

山东省海洋经济发展前景展望

文章分析山东省海洋与渔业工作在海洋经济综合实力、海洋综合管理能力、海洋生态文明建设、渔业转型升级等方面有良好的基础,但也面临着海洋与渔业很多优势尚未发挥、新旧动能转换任重道远、体制机制亟待完善等问题。强调山东各级海洋部门要深入贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示精神,把发展海洋经济、建设海洋强省作为牢固树立"四个意识"的现实检验,查找不足,补齐短板,勇于担当,积极作为,努力实现海洋经济发展走在前列。