Ecosystem-based marine management in European regional seas calls for nested governance structures and coordination—A policy brief

Marine governance in European seas is at a crossroad aiming towards implementation of eco-system based marine management (EBMM) through integration of different EU policies or directives to protect the environment, while at the same time expected to facilitate growth and employment in support of the blue economy. This article shows that the governance landscape at the regional sea level is very complex, fragmented and faced with several dilemmas. It examines the present governance structures in the four European seas (Baltic, Black, and Mediterranean Seas and North East Atlantic Ocean). It is argued that the implementation of EBMM at the regional sea level is characterized by a highly fragmented European governance system where there is lack of coordination between relevant DGs within the European Commission, between EU, International organisations, Regional Sea Conventions and the Member States and between sectoral governance arrangements that should provide sectoral management measures that support EBMM. The article develops suggestions for a nested governance system in which institutions, policies, laws and sectors are nested into a tiered, internally consistent and mutually re-enforcing planning and decision-making system. Developing institutional interaction and soft modes of governance between the EU, the Regional Sea Conventions, Member States and the governance arrangements of the different marine sectors will be crucial in evolving towards such a nested governance system for EBMM. Moreover, there is no one size fits all approach in implementing EBMM, which means that for each European Sea a context-dependent nested governance system should be developed.     

Spatial differentiation of tourism impact based on the perception of residents in mountainous valley resorts

Valley economy is a type of economy that comprehensively utilizes the natural economic and social resources of the region based on environmental protection. This economy utilizes the basic role of the market in disposing resources and achieving regional development and social progress. In this paper we studied the town of Yanqi, a valley resort that has developed tourism-based valley economy for several years in the mountainous area of Beijing. This research identifies the spatial differentiation of tourism-related economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact and level of support for tourism according to the perception and attitude of residents of Yanqi. The research area was divided into three zones （i.e., core, transition, and peripheral） according to the standard proposed by Jaakson. The residents in all three zones showed a positive attitude toward the tourism industry, and the residents in the core zone had a stronger perception toward the impact of tourism. However, several items indicated the converse. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance were used to explore the correlative factors associated with the attitudes of residents toward the tourism industry. Results indicated major differences among the three zones. Multiple factors, including natural conditions, policies, scenic spots, dependence on the tourism industry, and external investment in the three zones resulted in the spatial differentiationof the perception and attitude of residents toward the impact of tourism.     

The “Valley Economy” Model of Regional Development: A Case Study of Mountain Areas in Beijing,Northern China

A case study is presented of a regional development model for valley economies in the mountain areas of Beijing, China. The nature and framework of the valley economy model are described and the development of the model, which is specific to the mountain areas of Beijing, is analyzed. Five different valley economy models applied in the Beijing mountain areas are compared. The major purpose of the valley economy model is to develop the regional economy, including the selection of appropriate industries, the allocation of industrial space, the establishment of supply chains and the integration of various industries. Pilot experiments using the valley economy model have been conducted in seven counties（districts） in Beijing： Pinggu, Huairou, Changping, Mentougou, and Fangshan districts, and Yanqing and Miyun counties. Five models for developing the Beijing mountain areas have been explored, including： creative cultural industries, characteristic industry clusters, the promotion of large tourist areas, natural scenic tourism and folk cultural tourism. Each model has its own unique features and potential to help in the regional development of mountain areas.     

区域地质图数据库建库中的质量检查方法探讨

数据质量检查是地质图空间数据库建设项目中的一项重要内容,也是一项复杂的过程,应该贯穿数据的输入和空间数据库建立的每一个环节,检查技术方法和手段也一直进行更新。该文以1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库建设为例,列举了建库过程中不同阶段的多种的检查方法和手段,对于不同内容使用不同的检查方法进行探讨,通过人工检查及软件检查2种方式来确保入库数据的质量。     

《新疆维吾尔自治区资源经济地图集》编辑特点

介绍了《新疆维吾尔自治区资源经济地图集》编制意义,较为详细地阐述了地图集中内容结构、地理底图、编图资料、编辑设计等方面的编辑特点,以及地图集编制工作中的一些体会。     

基于TMI产品资料对数值模式水凝物模拟能力的检验分析

本文利用热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)搭载微波成像仪(TRMM Microwave Imager,TMI)的探测及反演结果,结合微波辐射传输模式,就2004年17号台风暹芭(Chaba)过程,对AREM(Advanced Regional Eta-coo...     

南海台风与上层海洋相互作用的数值模拟研究

本文建立了一个综合考虑大气-海流-海浪相互作用的区域海-气耦合模式系统,利用该系统模拟研究了南海台风发生发展的大气、海洋动力学机理.结果表明:耦合模式较真实地反映了台风和上层海洋的相互作用过程,提高了对台风路径和强度的模拟准确率;在台风充分发展阶段,上层海洋的反馈作用使台风路径发生左偏,并抑制了台风强度的发展;三种海洋...     

Gravity analysis of salt structures. An example from the El Kef‐Ouargha region (northern Tunisia)

Triassic outcrops in the Atlassic zone of northern Tunisia may be modelled in two ways: salt bodies piercing through Cretaceous terrains or Triassic salt flows stratified within an Albian series. Both models find support from gravity data and are debatable. To evaluate the mass distribution changes with depth, the Bouguer anomaly of the El Kef‐Ouargha region was successively decomposed into regional and residual components to construct multiple pseudo‐depth slices and apparent density maps. Analyses of gravity lows clearly show a vertical continuity of less dense materials below the Triassic salt outcrops. These features can be explained by salt diapirism during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Further, gravity data tend to indicate less dense materials below Aptian outcropping in Jebel Aite (Oued Bou Adila); thus suggesting Triassic materials occurring at depth. In addition, dense entities were recognized under Mio‐Pliocene and Quaternary deposits, which are thought to correspond to Cretaceous paleoshoals currently collapsed by non‐outcropping faults. Our findings lend support to a diapir model intruding overburden rather than the salt glacier model stratified in the Albian series proposed by some authors as the genetic structural model for Triassic material‐bearing series in the north of Tunisia.     

Regionalization of low flows based on Canonical Correlation Analysis

Regional analysis of low-flow statistics is a critical step in solving water resources management problems related to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. Important element in this analysis is the determination of homogeneous sub-regions based on physiographic characteristics of the corresponding basin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of the canonical correlation method for partitioning the set of drainage basins of a region into a number of homogeneous sub-regions and determining the relations between the physiographic and low-flow statistics of the basins of each sub-region. The method is also proposed to be used for classifying an ungauged basin in a sub-region of gauged basins.     

汶川8.0级地震前区域应力场动态研究

利用成都、昆明遥测数字地震波形记录资料,研究大量小震震源机制解和视应力值,分析了区域应力场动态和视应力值的时-空分布.给出川青地块平均应力场方位的时间变化.川青地块平均主应力场的方位在汶川8.0级地震前出现明显扰动,同时,地块力轴张量的倾角变化也很明显.得出2006～2007年川青块体逆冲型地震比例偏高,汶川8.0级地震前区域中小地震震源错动类型发生变化的结果,与区域地形变的分析结果是一致的.根据地震波形全波段计算辐射能量,求得的视应力σapp值揭示区域视应力值的微动态起伏过程与区域主压应力场方位的转折类似,可用于地块蕴震物理过程的探索.从汶川8.0级地震前的中短期视应力σapp值的空间分布看,震中所在的龙门山断裂带是低应力分布区,而相对高视应力则分布在外围地区.这些图像可能揭示了汶川8.0级地震前中短期发震构造附近呈现的闭锁现象.