Manpower, institution and the growth of knowledge economy in Shanghai

1 The Concept: About Knowledge EconomyIn general terms, all kinds of productions have knowledge with them, either western or eastern, past or present. In production process, people use knowledge to choose suitable materials, to develop processing technologies, fashion and styles to meet the needs of customers and, after all, to make profits (or sometimes to make for "public good"). In order to cut the cost to the possibly lowest level, people also use knowledge to choose suitable places and,…     

Interaction between local and regional pollution during Escompte 2001: impact on surface ozone concentrations (IOP2a and 2b)

Escompte, a European programme which took place in the Marseille region in June–July 2001, has been designed as an exhaustive database to be used for the development and validation of air pollution models. The air quality Mesoscale NonHydrostatic Chemistry model (Meso-NH-C) is used to simulate 2 days of an Intensive Observation Period (IOP) documented during the Escompte campaign, June 23 and 24, 2001. We first study the synoptic and local meteorological situation on June 23 and 24, using surface and aircraft measurements. Then, we focus on the pollution episode of June 24. This study emphasizes the deep impact of synoptic and local dynamics on observed ozone concentrations. It is shown that ozone levels are due both to regional and local factors, with highlights of the importance of ozone layering. More generally this confirms, even in an otherwise predominant local sea-breeze regime, the need to consider larger scale regional pollutant transport.     

Observed and modelled “chemical weather” during ESCOMPTE

The new MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle (MOCAGE) three-dimensional multiscale chemistry and transport model (CTM) has been applied to study heavy pollution episodes observed during the ESCOMPTE experiment. The model considers the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and allows the possibility of zooming from the planetary scale down to the regional scale over limited area subdomains. Like this, it generates its own time-dependent chemical boundary conditions in the vertical and in the horizontal. This paper focuses on the evaluation and quantification of uncertainties related to chemical and transport modelling during two intensive observing periods, IOP2 and IOP4 (June 20–26 and July 10–14, 2001, respectively). Simulations are compared to the database of four-dimensional observations, which includes ground-based sites and aircraft measurements, radiosoundings, and quasi-continuous measurements of ozone by LIDARs. Thereby, the observed and modelled day-to-day variabilities in air composition both at the surface and in the vertical have been assessed. Then, three sensitivity studies are conducted concerning boundary conditions, accuracy of the emission dataset, and representation of chemistry. Firstly, to go further in the analysis of chemical boundary conditions, results from the standard grid nesting set-up and altered configurations, relying on climatologies, are compared. Along with other recent studies, this work advocates the systematic coupling of limited-area models with global CTMs, even for regional air quality studies or forecasts. Next, we evaluate the benefits of using the detailed high-resolution emissions inventory of ESCOMPTE: improvements are noticeable both on ozone reactivity and on the concentrations of various species of the ozone photochemical cycle especially primary ones. Finally, we provide some insights on the comparison of two simulations differing only by the parameterisation of chemistry and using two state-of-the-art chemical schemes for regional photochemical modelling. Regional air quality modelling is found to be highly sensitive to the emission inventory dataset and also to the vertical and horizontal boundary conditions and detailed representation of chemistry. Interestingly enough, they infer the same range of errors compared to total model errors.     

湖北省城市经济地域分异规律研究

作为经济发展的重要载体,城市经济在整个区域经济格局中占据愈来愈重要的地位。以湖北省37个城市为研究对象,从定量的角度对各城市经济实力进行评价,在此基础上分析和探讨其分布特征与地域分异规律。地域分异特征有:城市分布密度差异显著,东部相对密集,西部则相对稀疏;综合实力较强的城市分布较为均衡。地域分异规律主要表现为:自然地域分异决定城市的社会经济分异的基本格局;主要城市特别是较发达城市呈现出沿主要江河沿岸和交通沿线扩展的点轴式的地域分异规律;能矿资源的地域组合及开发决定了能矿工业基地和一些矿业城镇的地域分异;区位、资源、劳动力、技术、市场、政策等要素的地域组合决定城市的经济地域类型与综合实力。并以此为基础提出各城市经济发展的相应对策。     

关于建立区域坐标系的再讨论

继文献 [1]后就建立区域坐标系问题 ,阐明了基本概念、原则和特点 ,并对工程测量与坐标系的关系以及长度变形等问题进行了分析 ,提供了一个地区区域的划分、组建和长度变形示例。     

对我国未来几年地震大形势的预测研究

根据地震期幕活动的特点,及对东北深震与华北、黄海和中国大陆地震活动关系的研究得出中国大陆地震活动第5轮回的强震活跃幕还未结束,还将延续3～5年的时间;今后几年大陆发生7级以上地震的危险性仍然存在,华北、黄海的6级地震活动也有可能增强。     

夯扩桩的应用及其施工中应注意的几个问题

对夯扩桩的特点、应用状况、设计以及施工中注意的事项做了较为详细的阐述 ,为夯扩桩的实际应用提供了有益的经验。     

FORECAST OF PREFERRED FAULT BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

基于优势面区域稳定性评价理论和人工神经网络 (ANN)的原理和方法 ,探讨了基于 ANN的优势断裂预报神经网络算法及模型 ,并结合实例检验表明应用反传 (BP)神经网络模型判定优势断裂的新方法是有效的 ,且取得了理想的结果。     

循环经济GIS数据库空间冲突的确认方法研究

空间冲突的确认是空间冲突检测和处理不可缺少的重要环节。本文只是对线目标间空间冲突的确认方法进行了初步的探讨,给出了数据库更新背景下线线空间冲突的确认方法。该方法综合考虑空间数据精度、目标类型、时态、语义等因素,利用元数据、DLG、DRG、影像数据以及专家经验等对检测出的空间冲突进行人机交互确认。     

对知识经济时代区域研究的思考

论述区域研究在知识经济时代 ,它的内涵更加丰富 ,其研究方法将由传统方式迈向现代化 ,区域研究将按照经济和社会发展的需求进行更加深刻的研究 ,其主要方向有 :区域差异研究 ,区域可持续发展研究 ,区域创新环境研究 ,区域演变机制研究等