浅议地球系统的复杂性及非线性

结合复杂性科学的产生及发展历程，认为复杂性科学对研究地球系统复杂性及非线性具有重要的理论指导和方法论意义。同时，在论述地球系统基本属性的基础上总结了地球系统复杂性及非线性的具体表现，即地球系统的层次性，无特征尺度性，开放性，相干性，临界性，自组织性和其动力学行为的自相似性及分形性。认为地球系统是总体上远离平衡，时空延展的多层圈综合集成，连续开放的复杂耗散动力巨系统。随着复杂性科学和地球系统的复杂性及非线性研究的不断深入，在21世纪，地球科学研究将会取得理论上的重大突破和飞跃。     

西北干旱内陆河区水资源利用与绿洲演变规律研究──以石羊河流域下游民勤盆地为例

水资源的开发利用对我国西北干旱内陆河区的生态环境具有重要的影响,天然植物的生 长与种群随地下水位和阵水的变化而演变。由于良好的绿洲生态系统是实现于旱内陆河区社会。 经济和环境可持续发展的基本前提,在西部大开发中,必须综合考虑水资源开发利用与绿洲生 态环境保护问题,本文以民勤盆地为例,研究典型干旱内陆河区水资源利用、农业灌溉与绿洲 演变的转化关系和基本规律。     

成都近郊农业生态旅游业可持续发展研究

阐述了农业生态旅游业的概念以及成都近郊农业生态旅游业的发展状况及其特点，综合分析了影响成都近郊农业生态旅游可持续发展的一系列问题，并针对这些问题提出了可持续发展对策。     

The Green''''s function of the harmonic horizontal force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil

IntroductionThe wave propagation problems in saturated soil are very important for the civil engineering, geophysics and seismology. Biot (1956,1962) established the theory of wave propagation in saturated soil firstly, and hereafter many researchers have used Biot theory to study wave propagation problems in saturated soil. By using integral transform and potential function method, Philippacopoulos (1988) studied the Lamb(s problem of a vertical point force applied to the surface of saturate…     

Environmental protection in the Apuseni Mountains: The role of Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs)

The Apuseni Mountains constitute one of the most interesting parts of the Carpathians in terms of landscape, biodiversity and culture. Yet dislocations are now severe and there are development threats which also require a significant response. On the one hand there are some severe pollution problems associated with mining areas developed in the communist period which require remedial action and the cases of Roşia Montana and Zlatna are discussed. On the other hand, there are forest and pasture zones – especially the Padiş Plateau – which are coming under heavy pressure from farmers seeking to enhance their incomes following the decline of mining and manufacturing which has left many households without salaries. At the same time, tourist pressure is growing. Actions are already being taken to limit pollution damage and develop sustainable landuse practices. There is a national park project linked with nature reserves comprising picturesque landscapes, a rare flora and fauna and distinct geological and palaeotological formations (including fossil ice). There are major tourist attractions and with proper management they could become part of a development programme of the countryside. However it is essential that all stakeholders adopt sustainable practices and this means that official programmes – including the future national park authority administration's work in environment protection and tourism management – are backed up by Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs). The paper reviews their diverse activities and concludes that they are making a very substantial contribution in ensuring that the potentials of isolated regions can be utilised in a manner consistent with nature conservation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sustainable landscape management in Slovenia: Environmental improvements for the Velenje coal mining community 1991–2000

The Velenje area (almost 200 km² with over 31,000 inhabitants) is based on the Šalek Valley, which became a leading area of industrialisation and urbanisation after the Second World War, with consequent pollution problems. Various industrial plants polluted the river Paka while more serious hazards arose through the coal mine which is a still causing landscape subsidence and the thermal power station in the neighbourhood of Šoštanj which is a major source of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution. In 1987 there was an ecological protest which marked the beginning of a sustainable development strategy for the community. During the past decade programmes have dealt with the degradation of air, soil and water to achieve cleaner air, a transformation in landuse and enhancement the river's formerly weak self-purifying capabilities. This article examines the changes in the valley since the attention of the authorities was drawn to the deterioration of living conditions. Despite the pressures of transition which have seen unemployment rising to over ten percent, significant environmental improvements have been made and the area stands as a model for the rest of the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

National territorial planning at the turn of the 21st century

In the early stages of economic development in Korea, national territorial planning was used as a policy tool to guide spatial structure and to provide physical infrastructure for urban and industrial development. Such a top-down approach was inevitable because Korea maintained the centralized political and government system until the early 1990s. Circumstances, however, have changed recently since the 1990s with progress in democratization and localization. In addition, forces of globalization are making significant impacts on the parameters of national territorial planning. Reflecting these changes in both internal and external conditions, the Fourth National Territorial Plan (2000–2020) has adopted a different approach from the past three territorial plans. This paper reviews the socio-economic background that necessitated such changes in approaches to national territorial planning. A major thrust of the Fourth Plan, a focus on emergent or anticipated planning issues in Korea, is discussed. Finally, the paper examines the rationale for long-term strategic planning in the highly fluctuating situation facing Korean society in the new century.     

Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of natural P2 /n-omphacites at high-pressure conditions

 Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction experiments at high pressure conditions (0.0001–13 GPa) were performed at ESRF (Grenoble-F), on the beamline ID9, to investigate the bulk elastic properties of natural P2/n-omphacites, with quasi-ideal composition. The monoclinic cell parameters a, b, c and β were determined as a function of pressure, and their compressibility coefficients are 0.00277(7), 0.00313(8), 0.00292(5) and 0.00116(4) GPa⁻¹, respectively. The third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state was used to interpolate the experimental P−V data, obtaining K ₀=116.6(±2.5) GPa and K′₀=6.03(±0.60). K ₀ was also determined by means of the axial and angular compressibilities [122.5(±1.7) GPa], and of the finite Lagrangian strain theory [121.5(±1.0) GPa]. The discrepancies on K ₀ are discussed in the light of a comparison between techniques to determine the bulk modulus of crystalline materials from static compression diffraction data. Received: 22 February 2000 / Accepted: 10 July 2000     

加拿大东海岸冬季风暴的分析

利用加拿大大气环境局第二次冬季风暴观测（简称ＣＡＳＰⅡ）的部分资料，对加拿在东海岸冬季风暴的发生，发展情况进行了分析，结果表明，大多数风暴能达到爆发性发展程度，并对其中一个形成眼区的强风暴例子做了进一步讨论。     

地震空间分维Dq及b值的临震变化特征及其非线性机制分析

对云南省几个不同地区的强震孕震阶段及临震时的地震空间分维Ｄｑ（ｑ＝０，１，２，）及ｂ值进行了计算和研究，发现虽然在孕震阶段各地区的Ｄｑ及ｂ值均有着共同的下降主趋势，但临震时不同区域的Ｄｑ及ｂ的变化形态却存在着差异，大地震可能发生在Ｄｑ及ｂ值均降至最低时，也可能发生在Ｄｑ及ｂ值下降后又回升之时，还可能发生在Ｄｑ回升而ｂ值仍保持最低时。本着重对Ｄｑ及ｂ值的临震变化特征及其个体差异从非线性的角度作了物