有效吸收和传递波浪能的锚泊系统的设计制作

将传统定位浮标加以改进,可以形成一种能有效吸收和传递波浪能的锚泊系统。此系统的最上端是漂浮着的海面浮标,海面浮标下端连着锚泊钢缆,锚泊钢缆下端到海底之间又依次连有张紧锤、储链和重物锚块。锚泊系统中的海面浮标随波浪同步上下起伏,从而带动与其连在一起的由张紧锤绷直的锚泊钢缆上下振动,于是海面浮标吸收波浪能并由引导缆向下传递。20 m长的储链可以保证整个装置在涨潮、退潮的极限水深情况下,仍旧可以有效地传递海表面波浪能;合适的重物锚块可以起到为整个系统定位的功能。最后给出了一个实际应用波浪能的例子。设计制作的锚泊系统可以有效吸收和传递波浪能,为波浪能的利用提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

突变理论在边坡工程应用的研究进展

突变理论是非线性科学领域中的一个重要分支,作为一种数学工具已经在众多领域得到广泛应用,在边坡工程中的应用尤为活跃。首先简述了突变理论的发展概况和基本原理,然后分别从3个方面详细论述了突变理论在边坡工程应用中的研究进展,即基于尖点突变法的边(斜)坡稳定性分析、基于突变级数法的边(斜)坡稳定性评价和基于灰色理论、模糊数学的尖点突变预测模型对滑坡时间预报,重点讨论了相应的理论模型、应用方法和实际效果,最后结合目前存在的问题探讨突变理论在边坡工程的发展趋势。     

HHT法的基本原理及其应用探讨

以Timoshenko单跨梁为研究对象,采用回转射线矩阵法进行动力响应计算,针对Timoshenko梁的瞬态响应信号为非平稳信号,采用基于Hilbert—Huang变换原理的信号时频分析,并与FFT的处理结果进行对比分析。结果表明,HHT方法比Frr法更适合非平稳信号的分析和处理,同时,HHT方法不仅可以将瞬态信号中低频和高频部分分离出来,还可以通过Hilbert谱展示信号能量在时频域内的分布,更为深入的了解信号的本质。     

Errors due to the anisotropic-common-ray approximation of the coupling ray theory

The common-ray approximation eliminates problems with ray tracing through S-wave singularities and also considerably simplifies the numerical algorithm of the coupling ray theory for S waves, but may introduce errors in travel times due to the perturbation from the common reference ray. These travel-time errors can deteriorate the coupling-ray-theory solution at high frequencies. It is thus of principal importance for numerical applications to estimate the errors due to the common-ray approximation applied. The anisotropic-common-ray approximation of the coupling ray theory is more accurate than the isotropic-common-ray approximation. We derive the equations for estimating the travel-time errors due to the anisotropic-common-ray (and also isotropic-common-ray) approximation of the coupling ray theory. The errors of the common-ray approximations are calculated along the anisotropic common rays in smooth velocity models without interfaces. The derivation is based on the general equations for the second-order perturbations of travel time.     

基于土地适宜性评价与元胞自动机模型的城市开发边界划定方法

城市开发边界的划定可以在一定程度上引导城市空间的良性扩张。为了研究边界划定的方法,以我国某港口城市作为研究区域,在空间增长模拟的方向进行探索。研究中借助土地适宜性评价和元胞自动机边界工具,构建既符合生态资源环境要求又符合城市发展需要的边界划定,同时,为了实现城市用地健康和动态管控举措,提出了建立健全土地用地管理机制的要求。     

论乡村重构

快速城镇化进程驱动中国乡村地域发生巨大变化。乡村重构,即为适应乡村内部要素和外部调控的变化,通过优化配置和有效管理影响乡村发展的物质和非物质要素,重构乡村社会经济形态和优化地域空间格局,以实现乡村地域系统内部结构优化、功能提升以及城乡地域系统之间结构协调、功能互补的过程。本文在界定乡村重构的概念内涵,构建基于“要素—结构—功能”演变助推乡村重构的理论框架基础上,从空间重构、经济重构、社会重构视角探讨了乡村重构的实现路径,并着眼于服务当前国家重大战略需求和解决城乡转型发展进程中乡村地域系统面临的现实困境,提出了未来中国乡村重构研究需重点关注的内容。最后,就现有旨在促进乡村社会经济发展的重大引导性战略和政府干预性政策及其在实践操作中引发的一系列问题,展开批判性分析和讨论。     

湖南省城市化与经济发展关系的计量分析

运用现代计量经济学的计量分析方法对湖南省城市化与经济发展的相互关系与相互作用进行了探讨。结果表明,城市化与经济发展二者之间存在协整关系即长期均衡关系,但短期失衡,其波动有近35％得到调整;经济发展对城市化的冲击强烈,其解释水平高达到82％;城市化对经济发展冲击微弱,其解释水平仅达到5．4％;经济发展来自自身的冲击较大,而城市化来自本身冲击较小,但有增强趋势。经济发展与城市化二者之间的这种关系作用应引起关注。     

多维度视角下新疆农村经济可持续发展

科技进步与水土资源是促进经济可持续发展的有力杠杆及资源保证,劳动力是农村经济发展的重要主体。运用生态足迹理论计算了1990-2015年的新疆农村生态人口承载力,该指标代表了农村经济可持续发展水平,并建立与农业全要素生产率、科技投入占总投入比率、水资源灌溉利用率、耕地复耕指数、新疆劳动力转移、劳动力转移性收入的VAR模型。研究结果表明：新疆农村人均资源占有量不断地增大,可承载生态人口数量逐年下降;科技投入目前对于新疆农村经济可持续发展的影响并不明显,短期看来,农业全要素生产率对于其发展有抑制作用,但长期看来有巨大的促进作用;在短期,水资源灌溉利用率有抑制作用,但在长期,有拉动作用;耕地复耕指数长期有抑制作用;短期来说,劳动力转移和劳动力转移性收入对于其发展有促进作用,长期有抑制作用。     

Inverse reconstructions of ecosystem flows in investigating regime shifts: impact of the choice of objective function

Inverse analysis is increasingly used in ecosystem modelling to objectively reconstruct a large number of unknown flows or interactions from a small number of observations. This type of analysis may be useful in relating observed regime shifts in ecosystem structure to underlying processes. Inversions of ecosystem flow networks currently use a constrained least-squares solution which at the same time minimizes the squared norm (the sum of squares) of the reconstructed flows. This minimum norm (MN) inversion is thought to be a parsimonious solution to the ecosystem flow inverse problem, but it may well not reflect how ecosystems are organised. It has been proposed instead that ecosystems evolve to maximize energy/mass flows or that they maximize the information content of the network weighted by ecosystem flows (ascendancy). We used simulated inverse experiments, where inverse analyses are applied to simulations of flow networks, to explore objective functions different than the MN generally used. We could not compute inverse solutions that maximize ascendancy because the objective function is unbounded. We could calculate inversions that maximize flows; however, these generally overestimated the simulated flows, even though the simulations were designed to maximize flows. It appears that the ecosystem flow inverse problem is too under-determined (too few data relative to the number of unknowns) to allow the use of these maximizing goal functions. We introduce a new minimization that simultaneously minimizes the squared flows and the squared differences between flows. This smoothing minimization makes the inverse flows as even as possible and it helps with some technical issues with MN inversions. The simulated inverse experiments indicated that this smoothed norm (SM) is the most robust in comparative analyses of contrasting ecosystem states, such as those that can be associated with regime shifts. Like the MN inversion, the SM inversion has no ecological basis. However, it is a conservative norm that is less likely to produce false differences between the dynamics of regimes.