长江中下游成矿带及典型矿集区深部结构探测——SinoProbe-03年度进展综述

大陆现今的地壳结构和物质组成是地壳经历了复杂的动力学演化过程形成的"产品",保留着演化过程中重大地质事件留下的痕迹,使用现代地球物理探测技术对这个"产品"进行成像,不仅可以了解现今的构造和物质状态,还可以推演过去曾经发生的动力学过程.长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁、铜多金属资源基地,其形成的深部动力学过程一直是矿床学家...     

薄互层条件下AVO技术的应用

本文结合实际资料在详细分析砂泥岩薄互层反射特征基础上,提出气层反射特征不仅有AVO正异常,还有AVO负异常及非正非负AVO异常.由于实际的砂泥岩薄互层组合的复杂变化,在解释中不能硬套通常的厚层反射或单个薄层的模式.针对不同地区不同层位,必须制作与实际地质情况相一致的CDP道集记录地震模型,才能得到正确的反射特征.应用本文提出的方法预测了宋站等地区的气藏分布,经钻探证实,获得了满意的结果.     

多光谱遥感技术预测矿产资源的潜能——以蒙古国欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿床为例

建议把蚀变遥感异常作为一个新的找矿参数,文中讨论了蚀变遥感异常的地质基础和光谱前提。在矿床地质学和蚀变矿物光谱参数特征的基础上,编制了一张用于蚀变遥感异常提取及对其地质解释的表格。设计了从ETM+和ASTER数据中提取羟基蚀变矿物组合信息的独特流程方案。这个方案称之为"去干扰异常主分量门限化技术",文中示以简化的流程图。ETM+数据用来研究位于欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿床东北部的汉保各德中酸性火成杂岩体岩性特征,ASTER近红外和短波红外数据用来提取欧玉陶勒盖斑岩铜金矿矿床及其近区的羟基异常,通过选择性主分量分析判断欧玉陶勒盖铜金矿矿床的矿床类型为斑岩型。已知矿区各矿体的羟基异常都十分清晰,此外在矿床西部还发现了三个新的有希望的羟基异常。此工作进一步展示出多光谱遥感技术对于金属矿床的预测具有极好的潜能。     

用滑移界面理论模拟多裂缝体系的偶极横波远探测声场

偶极横波远探测已成为探测储层裂缝的重要测井技术,裂缝及其充填物质的弹性性质决定了其对远探测声场的响应特征.本文运用滑移界面理论来描述井外地层中裂缝对声场的响应特征,考察了SH横波的反射和透射系数随充填物的变化规律.建立了井外双裂缝远探测声场的几何模型,以双裂缝为例给出了偶极横波远探测声场的快速模拟方法,并将所得结论应用于现场远探测裂缝的识别和解释.本文的研究结果为偶极横波远探测数据的处理和解释提供了理论依据.     

地震层析成象技术在测井和地面反射资料集中的应用研究

本文以射线的折射和反射定律为基础,采用阻尼最小二乘法（在CT技术中,常称为SIRT算法）和单井单侧多偏移距的反射资料以及地面反射资料,研究反射波层析成象技术对二维弯曲界面的成层结构进行重构的情况。数字模拟试验表明,本文提出的逐层成象方法对透镜体和尖灭地层的成象颇为有效,反演结果对误差扰动是稳定的。 本文所述的成象方法及处理技术可推广到只用地面反射资料进行地层重构的情形。     

含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数特征研究

地下岩石由岩石骨架和孔隙流体组成,通常流体含黏性.地震波在地下介质中传播时受岩石骨架和黏性流体的影响会呈现出复杂的变化.本文将流、固体位移和应力连续作为边界条件,推导出含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数方程;通过建立上层为饱油、下层为饱盐水的砂岩孔隙介质模型,开展反透射系数特征研究,分别分析不同频率、不同黏滞系数条件下,含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数随入射角的变化.研究表明,孔隙介质分界面上和等效介质分界面上的反透射系数分别随入射角的变化趋势基本一致,说明方程推导和数值计算的正确性;快纵波反透射系数受频率、流体黏性的影响较小,而快横波反透射系数在一定入射角范围内受频率、流体黏性的影响比较大;由于黏性孔隙流体的作用,慢纵波和慢横波的反透射系数受入射角、频率及流体黏性的影响都很大.

     

基于镜像变换的GPS坐标变换方法研究

解算GPS坐标系和国家坐标系间的转换参数,传统方法是最小二乘法和高斯约化相结合,通过解算由误差方程组推导出的法方程组,间接求出结果。该方法有两个缺陷:一是精度不高;二是“病态”矩阵带来的不稳定问题。采用最小二乘法和镜像变换相结合的方式直接解算误差方程组,不需解算法方程组,不但提高了解算精度,而且避免了“病态”法方程组问题。     

流体-孔隙介质界面震电反射和透射系数的简化表达式

震电测井和海洋地震勘探中均遇到流体-孔隙介质界面.对于平面声波入射平面界面模型, 本文利用前人给出的震电反射和透射电磁波的电场式, 导出了震电反射和透射系数的表达式, 其中声波与电磁波的物理参数是解耦的.在给定介质参数和入射角且已知三类弹性体波的透射系数时, 就能通过该表达式计算震电反射和透射系数.该表达式对于所有入射角都是成立的, 当入射角为复数时对应非均匀平面波入射的情况.利用电磁波数远小于界面切向波数的前提条件, 将震电反射和透射系数的表达式化简为了简化表达式.简化式中与快纵波、慢纵波和横波有关的量均以透射系数与渗-固位移比的乘积形式出现, 而动电耦合系数、电导率和渗透率以乘积形式作为一个整体出现.简化式表明, 孔隙介质中的快纵波、慢纵波和横波通过渗流位移势影响震电反射和透射系数.数值算例表明, 当平面声波入射角不是极其小时, 震电反射和透射系数的简化式是适用的; 快纵波对震电反射和透射系数的影响可以忽略.震电反射和透射系数的简化表达式不仅简化了震电波场的计算, 而且明确表达了三类弹性体波引起反射和透射电磁信号的物理因素, 为地下和海底储层的参数反演提供了思路.

     

Oblique surface wave propagation over a small undulation on the bottom of an ocean

The problem of oblique water wave diffraction by small undulation of the bottom of a laterally unbounded ocean is considered using linear water wave theory. A perturbation analysis is employed to obtain the velocity potential, the reflection and the transmission coefficients up to the first order in terms of integrals involving the shape functions c(x) representing the bottom undulation. Finite cosine transform is used to find the first order potential, and this potential is utilised in obtaining the first order reflection and transmission coefficients. Some particular forms of the shape function representing an exponentially damped undulation, a single hump and a patch of sinusoidal ripples are considered and the integrals for the reflection and transmission coefficients are evaluated. For the exponentially damped undulation, it is observed that the reflection ceases much before transmission while for the single hump, reflection and transmission go hand in hand up to a certain value of the wavenumber, after which they vanish. For the patch of sinusoidal ripples having the same wavenumber, the reflection coefficient up to the first order is found to be an oscillatory function in the quotient of twice the component of the wavenumber along x-axis and the ripple wavenumber. When this quotient becomes one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and free surface, and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples. High reflection of the incident wave energy occurs if this number is large. Also, when a patch of ripples having different wavenumbers is considered the same result follows. Known results for the normal incidence are recovered as special cases for the patch of sinusoidal ripples. The theoretical observations are shown computationally.     

Study on Dynamic Response of the ＂Dualistic＂ Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory

Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes.