A biological oil adsorption filter

A new oil adsorption method called adsorption filtration (AF) has been developed. It is a technology where by oil residues can be cleaned from water by running it through a simple filter made from freeze treated, dried, milled and then fragmented plant material. By choosing suitable plants and fragmentation sizes it is possible to produce filters, which pass water but adsorb oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of manufacturing oil adsorbing filter materials from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or hemp fibre (Cannabis sativa L.). The oil (80 ml) was mixed with de-ionised water (200 ml) and this mixture was filtered through 10 or 20 g adsorption filters. Fine spring harvested hemp fibre (diameter less than 1 mm) and reed canary grass fragments adsorb 2-4 g of oil per gram of adsorption material compared to 1-3 g of water. Adsorption filtration is thus a novel way of gathering spilled oil in shallow coastal waters before the oil reaches the shore.     

Tectono-thermal evolution of the Reed Bank Basin,Southern South China Sea

The Reed Bank Basin in the southern margin of the South China Sea is considered to be a Cenozoic rifted basin. Tectono-thermal history is widely thought to be important to understand tectonics as well as oil and gas potential of basin. In order to investigate the Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Reed Bank Basin, we carried out thermal modeling on one drill well and 22 pseudo-wells using the multi-stage finite stretching model. Two stages of rifting during the time periods of ∼65.5–40.4 Ma and ∼40.4–28.4 Ma can be recognized from the tectonic subsidence rates, and there are two phases of heating corresponding to the rifting. The reconstructed average basal paleo-heat flow values at the end of the rifting events are ∼60 and ∼66.3 mW/m², respectively. Following the heating periods, this basin has undergone a persistent thermal attenuation phase since ∼28.4 Ma and the basal heat flow cooled down to ∼57.8–63.5 mW/m² at present. In combination with the radiogenic heat production of the sedimentary sequences, the surface heat flow of the Reed Bank Basin ranges from ∼60.4 to ∼69.9 mW/m².     

盘锦芦苇湿地现状及可持续发展对策

分析了盘锦芦苇湿地形成、芦苇湿地生态系统服务功能价值、芦苇产业现状,针对目前盘锦芦苇湿地存在的主要问题,提出了盘锦芦苇湿地可持续发展对策,促进实施科技兴苇战略,实现产业增效、职工增收,最终达到人与自然的和谐发展。     

提高盘锦湿地芦苇产量的对策分析

阐述了目前盘锦芦苇湿地的生产现状,分析了制约芦苇产量的主要因素,提出了提高芦苇产量的有效对策,并全面分析了实施各项对策后产生的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,以期为盘锦芦苇产业发展提供科学依据和实用技术指导。     

苇田生态循环经济现状及发展对策

芦苇是一种具有综合利用价值的植物,素有"第二森林"之称,用途广泛,生产潜力巨大,具有极大的经济价值和生态价值。通过分析苇田生态循环经济的国内外现状及存在的问题,提出了我国苇田循环经济发展对策。     

芦苇的栽培与管理

芦苇是辽河三角洲湿地的优势种群之一,是涵养水源、控制湿地水土污染的重要植物。芦苇不仅具有调节气候、蓄水防旱、净化水质等生态功能,而且具有巨大的经济价值,在区域经济社会发展中发挥了巨大作用。根据芦苇的生物学特性和特有的功能价值,详细阐述了芦苇的栽培与管理,以期为辽河三角洲湿地芦苇产业的发展提供科学依据和实用技术。     

盘锦芦苇湿地水热通量计算方法的比较研究

利用2005年7月盘锦芦苇湿地生长旺季的小气候梯度系统30 min观测资料和开放式涡动相关系统10Hz原始观测资料,比较并分析了廓线法、波文比能量平衡法与涡动相关法计算的芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量。结果表明:廓线法与波文比能量平衡法计算的芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量与涡动相关法得到的芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量具有较好的相关性,但是涡动相关法存在能量不平衡。分析盘锦芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量的日变化发现,能量平衡各分量基本上以正午为中心,呈倒“U”型分布。用波文比法计算得到的芦苇湿地生态系统日感热通量最大值为164.25 W.m-2,日潜热通量最大值为294.18 W.m-2。降雨之后,芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量都有所增加,尤其是潜热通量增加显著,且峰值出现时间提前。     

盘锦芦苇湿地空气动力学参数动态特征及其影响因素分析

应用盘锦芦苇生态系统观测场的涡度相关通量观测系统和小气候梯度系统的观测资料,估算了芦苇下垫面的空气动力学参数,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明:芦苇湿地零平面位移d和粗糙度Z0的季节变化总体呈现先增加后减少的单峰曲线变化规律。Z0和d均在9月达到最大,分别为0.24 m和1.85 m;12月达到最小,分别为0.03 m和0.02 m。芦苇湿地的Z0和d的季节变化主要受叶面积指数(LAI)、株高(h)及风速的影响。d随h的增加而单调增加,Z0随着h的变化遵循二次曲线,d/h、Z0/h与LAI之间的复相关系数分别为0.99和0.78。研究亦表明,大气稳定度和风向也对d和Z0有一定的影响。     

南海南部礼乐盆地礁体发育区的构造热演化特征

礼乐滩是礼乐盆地的重要组成部分,自晚渐新世礼乐地块裂离北部陆缘后开始发育礁灰岩.为认识这些长期浸没海水中的礼乐礁体及其下伏地层的热状态与热演化特征,在详细分析礼乐滩钻井测温数据和镜质体反射率数据的基础上,对一条穿过礁体的骨干剖面进行了构造热演化数值模拟.结果显示,礁体区钻井2000～4500 m深度范围内温度介于30～90℃之间,井底与海底之间的平均地温梯度仅10℃·km^-1左右,地温梯度随深度逐渐增加,3000～4000m深度段地温梯度介于32～37℃·km^-1;礁体下伏地层有机质曾经经历了比现今所处温度更高的古温度.进一步分析表明,高孔高渗的礁体上部因与周围低温海水发生热交换,导致地层温度降低、地温梯度和热流降低甚至为负值;与海水热交换作用随深度增加而减弱并最终停止,地层温度逐渐升高,地温梯度和热流值趋于正常;现今钻井3000～4000 m深度段地温梯度约为35℃·km^-1,基底热流可能介于65～75 mW·m^-2,平均约为70 mW·m^-2;礁体发育区有机质热成熟度主要是...     

辽宁双台河口芦苇湿地固碳价值评价研究

基于野外监测数据和碳税法对辽宁双台河口芦苇湿地的固碳价值进行了定量评价。结果表明:辽宁双台河口芦苇湿地总面积为30 815 hm~2,大约占到了自然保护区总面积的20%,其年均净固定二氧化碳(CO_2)量为13 320 kg/hm~2,年甲烷(CH_4)排放的CO_2当量为3 330.3kg/hm~2。将芦苇湿地固定CO_2的正效应减去CH_4排放的负效应,得到辽宁双台河口芦苇湿地的年固碳量为9 989.7 kg CO_2/hm~2,具有较强的碳汇,其总固碳价值为2.37亿元,其中净吸收CO_2的价值为3.16亿元(正效应价值),净排放CH_4的价值为0.79亿元(负效应价值)。