黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔店期陆相断陷盆地古构造单元恢复及其演化特征

基于黄骅坳陷孔南地区大量的钻孔资料和地震资料,通过对孔店组地层厚度的初步复原,识别出了孔店期4个阶段盆地内的凸起与凹陷等构造单元的空间展布特征,恢复了各个阶段陆相断陷盆地的古构造单元,并初步获得了孔店期盆地的演化过程：盆地南北部的古构造单元具有明显的差异性,整体上盆地北部构造单元更为多样、演化过程更为复杂,由单断式盆地向双断式、两凹夹一凸型盆地演化;盆地南部则较为简单,盆地由坳陷型向单断式、再向双断式发展。     

Comparative study of seed germination and growth of Kochia prostrata and Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) under salinity

Soils of arid regions of Central Asia contain salts of different types that may differentially affect seed germination and plant development. We studied effect of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, 2NaCl + KCl + CaCl₂ and 2Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄+MgSO₄ on germination of Kochia prostrata and Kochia scoparia seeds under a range of concentrations from 0.5 to 5% and at two constant temperature regimes +22 °C and +6 °C. The observed salt tolerance limit of germination at constant temperature +22 °C for both species was 5-6%, while at low temperature (+6 °C) this limit was 2%. The salt tolerance of young plants (before flowering) was 3% for NaCl. Low concentrations of sulfuric and mixed salts had a stimulating effect on seed germination in K. prostrata. Despite similarity of salt-tolerance limits the studied species showed a significant difference in seed recovery ability, i.e. the ability of ungerminated, salt-soaked seeds to germinate after transfer to fresh water. K. scoparia demonstrated a full germination recovery after seed transfer to distilled water while K. prostrata showed only a partial recovery.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中痕量金

用电感偶合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定矿石中痕量金,测定速度快,检出限低,灵敏度高,分析重现性好的特点。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,金的测定结果与标准值相符。     

Assessing regional differences in predation of endangered species: Implications from Texas populations of the endangered star cactus (Astrophytum asterias)

Understanding threats to endangered species is one of the most critical components of implementing a successful recovery plan. For the endangered star cactus Astrophytum asterias, both mammalian and insect herbivory have been documented as a major threat to populations in Mexico. Herein, we focus on populations of A. asterias in Texas, examining how mortality threats differ from populations found in Mexico as well as among sites within Texas. Our study supports insect and mammalian herbivory as a major threat to A. asterias in Texas, with reductions in population sizes ranging between 16 and 54%. However, our study highlights that both regional and local differences can influence rates of mortality even in a range-restricted species such as A. asterias and highlights the need to assess threats at both of these levels for effective development and implementation of endangered species recovery plans.     

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EDTA滴定法测定锌矿石中锌方法的改进

对矿石中锌含量测定提出改进方案,回收率达98．2％-104．6％之间。RSD（n=12）为0．12％-3．57％,经标准样品及外部比对验证,分析结果可靠稳定,取得满意效果。     

水氯镁石热分解尾气中氯化氢的回收研究

本文针对水氯镁石热分解尾气中含有的大量氯化氢气体进行尾气回收研究，设计完成了蒸馏吸收实验，单级吸收实验、二级吸收实验和连续实验，获得了相关实验数据，由此对设备的选型、实验条件的选择提供了依据。     

Spatial video data collection in a post-disaster landscape: The Tuscaloosa Tornado of April 27th 2011

Fine scale disaster response and recovery data suitable for spatial analysis are still relatively rare. This is unfortunate as insight into spatial patterns of recovery could be invaluable in predicting the reestablishment of homes, streets and neighborhoods. The purpose of this paper is to show how fine scale geographic data can be collected in near real-time for the intermediate phase between response and recovery. These data will initially be used to assess the degree of damage (with relation to the Enhanced F scale) while also establishing a baseline for subsequent recovery monitoring. A spatial video system is used to collect data from the post-disaster landscape of Tuscaloosa which was hit by a large tornado in April 2011. This video, once processed, can be viewed within a Geographic Information System which combines street-level images with exact location. These data can be used to support ongoing recovery efforts, while also archiving a dataset suitable for the spatial analysis of the changing post-disaster landscape.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

On the meaning of the transmissivity values obtained from recovery tests

Recovery tests are based on estimating transmissivity, T, from the heads that rebound after pumping has stopped. Recovery tests can be performed in wells where conventional constant-rate pumping tests would not be possible. Test interpretation is based on the simple Theis recovery method, related to late time drawdown in an infinite homogeneous aquifer. Yet, field data often cannot be explained by the homogeneous theory. Because T is heterogeneous over an evolving range of scales, it is important to evaluate the support scale of hydraulic tests. Numerical simulations are performed to show that heterogeneity in T can explain these field observations. It is also shown that the local T value around the well can be inferred from early time-recovery data, assuming ideal conditions, whereas late time data yield a large-scale (regional) representative value. Even when recovery is observed for a short time, indirect information about the regional value can also be obtained. A method for the interpretation of recovery tests is proposed based on the Theis recovery method that takes into account the heterogeneity of aquifers. Finally, some guidelines are provided for best test performance depending on the scale of the problem.

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Resumen Las pruebas de recuperación se basan en estimar la transmisividad, T, a partir de las cabezas que se recuperan después que el bombeo se ha detenido. Las pruebas de recuperación pueden realizarse en pozos dónde las pruebas de bombeo convencionales, a caudal constante, no son posibles. La interpretación de la prueba se basa en el método simple de recuperación de Theis, relacionado a los últimos valores del abatimiento, en un acuífero homogéneo infinito. No obstante, los datos del campo no pueden ser explicados a menudo por la teoría homogénea. Debido a que T es heterogéneo, por encima de un rango creciente de escalas, es importante evaluar la escala de apoyo de las pruebas hidráulicas. Se realizan las simulaciones numéricas, para mostrar que esa heterogeneidad en T puede explicar las observaciones de campo. También se muestra que los valores de T locales, alrededor del pozo, pueden inferirse a partir de los datos de recuperación iniciales, asumiendo condiciones ideales, mientras que los datos finales entregan un valor representativo de escala grande (regional). Aún cuando la recuperación se observe durante un tiempo corto, también puede obtenerse una información indirecta sobre el valor regional. Se propone un método, que tiene en cuenta la heterogeneidad de los acuíferos, para la interpretación de pruebas de la recuperación, con base en el método de recuperación de Theis. Finalmente, se dan algunas pautas, para la mejor ejecución de la prueba, que dependen de la escala del problema.

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Résumé Les tests de remontée sont basés sur l’estimation de la transmissivité, T, d’après les niveaux piézométriques qui se redressent suite à l’arrêt du pompage. Les tests de remontée peuvent être réalisés dans des puits où les tests conventionnels à pompage constant ne pourraient pas être possible. L’interprétation du test est basé sur la simple méthode de Theis à la remontée, relative aux dernières données de rabattement dans un aquifère infini homogène. Cependant, les données de terrain ne peuvent pas souvent être expliquées par la théorie homogène. Parce que T est hétérogène sur une échelle évolutive d’échelles, il est important d’évaluer l’échelle qui s’accommode aux tests hydrauliques. Des simulations numériques sont réalisées pour montrer que l’hétérogénéité de T peut expliquer ces observations de terrain. Il est également montré que la valeur de T autour du puits peut être interprétée grace aux premières données du tests en supposant les conditions idéales à cette interprétation, tandis que les derniers rabattement représentent une valeur de T à une échelle plus large (régional). Même lorsque la remontée est observée sur une courte durée, une information indirecte sur la valeur régionale peut également être obtenue. Une méthode pour l’interprétation des tests de remontée est proposée basée sur la méthode de la remontée de Theis qui prend en compte l’hétérogénéité des aquifères. Finalement, des règles générales sont apportées pour améliorer la performance du test en fonction de l’échelle du problème.