基于居住适宜性的农村居民点空间重构类型识别——以陇中黄土丘陵区魏店镇为例

以陇中黄土丘陵区魏店镇为研究对象,基于村庄详细调查数据库,在农村居民点空间布局形态分析的基础上,构建乡村“基础生活圈”和布局适宜性评价指标体系,识别农村居民点空间重构类型并提出应对策略。结果表明：① 魏店镇农村居民点受自然禀赋和交通因素的影响,呈现出“集中为主、分散为辅、散中有聚”的空间布局特征,且景观分异明显;② 10和20 min生活圈内覆盖的居民点面积和数量差异较大,相对集聚状态下的居民点更容易获得公共服务设施;③ 农村居民点布局适宜程度较好,以中、高度适宜为主,二者斑块数量达到1742个,占到所有居民点总数的85.18%;④ 运用空间错位分析的二维组合矩阵将农村居民点“基础生活圈”和布局适宜性评价相叠加,重构为集聚提升型、引导发展型和搬迁扶持型。     

追溯最古老的琥珀——树脂植物的起源与演化

琥珀是一类有机宝石,其经济价值和科学意义日益受到重视.琥珀是植物树脂的化石形式.本文综述了现代的和已绝灭的产树脂植物的种类与地史分布.现代的产树脂植物包括松柏类和诸多被子植物科,现代松柏类如南洋杉科的琥珀最早可追溯至晚三叠世—早侏罗世,但在白垩纪中期至中新世的地层中更为丰富.始新世以来,热带和亚热带被子植物来源的琥珀开始占优势地位.绝灭的产树脂植物包括繁盛于石炭—二叠纪的科达类和髓木类种子蕨以及石炭纪以来出现并已绝灭的一些松柏类裸子植物.目前已知最早的琥珀产自晚石炭世地层(距今约3.2亿年).琥珀中含丰富的动植物化石,为研究地球生命的演化历史提供了重要材料.     

马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区矽卡岩型钍矿钍的赋存状态及钍矿物特征研究

Tranomaro地区钍矿化主要赋存在矽卡岩化Tranomaro辉岩中,其主要矿物成分有透辉石、方柱石和碳酸盐。钍以独立的钍矿物形式存在于辉岩中的辉石、方柱石、橄榄石及碳酸盐等矿物中,钍矿物大小为0.2～0.5mm,无共、伴生金属矿物。经电子探针测定,钍矿物的主要成分为ThO2、UO2和PbO,根据其成分特征和镜下特征确定钍矿物主要为方钍石和铀方钍石。赋矿主岩中无明显热液活动迹象,钍矿物主要形成于早（干）矽卡岩阶段。     

袖阀管注浆工艺在垂直防渗工程中的应用

日照市某垃圾处理厂周边岩体风化强烈,为减小风化裂隙导致的渗滤液侧渗对下游环境的影响,采用了袖阀管注浆的垂直防渗措施。介绍了袖阀管注浆的施工方法与质量控制要点,概述了施工中容易出现的问题并提出了处理措施。     

不同状态红树和盐沼植物样品的脂肪酸组成比较研究

本研究分析了九龙江口红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum),以及盐沼植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)和短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)不同状态(成熟、衰老和腐烂)叶片中脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果共检测出20种脂肪酸,其中9种存在于所有样品中。样品中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸均为棕榈酸C16:0 (21.76%～39.55%),其次是硬脂酸C18:0 (4.98%～29.88%);不饱和脂肪酸主要有油酸C18:1n9 (2.04%～12.90%)、亚油酸C18:2n6 (8.25%～24.69%)和C20:1n9 (1.64%～40.45%)。红树植物和盐沼样品中的脂肪酸组成存在差异,C30:0为红树植物的特征脂肪酸。在植物衰老和腐烂的样品中的脂肪酸组成与新鲜成熟样品存在差异,C20:1n9在衰老的样品中出现明显的下降,而相比红树植物两种盐沼植物的C20:1n9含量则下降更快。研究结果表明,总体上湿地植物在衰老和腐烂后不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸的比例明显下降,而必需脂肪酸C18:2n6的水平则未出现升高。     

"Smashing the Moon" Accelerating Global Warming

The existence of the lunar has its advantages as well as disadvantages. Many dynamic phenomena are related to the lunar due to the rate of masses of the earth and the lunar is maximum. That is probably the reason for the life existence on the earth. The tide resulted from the moon gravitational force is the root of some disasters. However, it can also reduce the green house effect and regulate the temperature. It is proved that the moon is the thermostat of the earth. The greenhouse effect would be out of control without the moon, and the tendency for the global warming up would be critical. It is a risk to smash the moon without understanding clearly the advantage and disadvantage.     

A multi‐proxy study of Holocene lake development,lake settlement and vegetation history in central Ireland

Stratigraphical investigations, geomorphological mapping, and diatom, plant macrofossil and pollen analyses were undertaken in and around two lakes in central Ireland to establish correlations between changes in lake conditions and catchment vegetation throughout the Holocene. Similar investigations of an adjacent mire reveal early Holocene changes in lake level and area. The palaeoecological data show high correlations related to variations in lake depth and area, catchment vegetation type, organic inputs and trophic status. Catchment‐scale deforestation is gradual and occurs through the Bronze and the Iron Ages, and the construction of a crannog in the early Medieval period (seventh century AD ) appears to be associated with a widespread increase in deforestation and mixed agriculture in the catchment. Both pollen and plant macrofossils suggest that one of the crannogs was used for crop storage in addition to domestic and any other activities. In the early to middle Holocene similarities in the proxy‐data appear to be climatically driven through changing lake levels and areal extent whereas the later Holocene record is clearly dominated by anthropogenic changes within the catchment and the construction of crannogs in the lakes. The advantages of combining multi‐proxy indicators of lake hydroecology with the vegetation record are illustrated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Concentrations and transport of different forms of phosphorus during snowmelt runoff from an illite clay soil

During a 16 day period with pronounced snowmelt via surface runoff, high water concentrations (usually 0·4–0·5 mg l^?1) of dissolved molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (MRP) were detected in surface runoff water from a clay soil of illite type. Other phosphorus fractions defined were: phosphorus in particles with a higher settling coefficient than 80 000 S (SPP); colloidal phosphorus caught on filters with a pore size of 0·2 µm but with a smaller settling coefficient (CPP); and dissolved phosphorus not reacting with molybdate (DUP). The order of concentrations was MRP > SPP > CPP > DUP. Nearly identical amounts of MRP, CPP, and DUP (in total 0·3 kg ha^?1) were lost from a grass–clover ley and a ploughed soil. However, more of the heavier phosphorus‐containing material was lost from the ploughed area. In drainpipe water, CPP was the largest fraction (28%), and in stream water from mixed arable/forest land, MRP dominated (33%). Loss on ignition of the settling material slowly decreased from 10 to 8% (dry weight) during the snowmelt period. Total phosphorus concentrations in the material followed the runoff pattern, with slightly higher phosphorus concentrations during fast runoff. The large amounts of readily dissolved or colloidal‐bound phosphorus (70–80%) transported from this clay soil during snowmelt are discussed with regard to the use of grass buffer strips as a measure against phosphorus losses from arable land. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

9. Life On Earth... And Elsewhere?

This concluding chapter is divided into two main parts. The first part is a summary of the main facts and events which constitute the present body of knowledge of the chronology of life in the solar system, in the form of “highlights” in astronomy, geology, chemistry and biology. The second part raises the interrogation “Is life universal?”, and tries to provide answers based on these facts and events. These answers turn out to differ widely among the various disciplines, depending on how far they feel able to extrapolate their current knowledge.     

ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE IN CHINA

The quality of life is considered as the distributed degree of social resources with significance to the urban residents as a whole. There are three features about the study of the quality of life by means of objective method. First, objective methid is based on the government publication of statistics from which the information of social environment influencing people's life can be obtained by systematic analysis. Second, as a result of social policy and planning development, the quality of life studied by objective method can provide scieatific basis for regulating and making policy. Third, the objective method emphasize that the improvement of the quality of life mainly depends on the effort from the government so as to set up a coordinatly developed environment of community.On the basis of relevant data from the 1991 Yearbook of Urban Statirtics of China published by Statistics Press of China, and using spss, the quality of urban life in China is evaluated. Seventy four cities are selected from 467