LG植物胶无固相冲洗液在富煤二矿906号孔的应用

云南富源县大河富煤二矿矿区地层复杂,上部永宁镇组厚层灰岩破碎、掉块、漏水严重,并有溶洞发育,下部煤系地层多为泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、炭质泥岩等水敏性强的地层。在钻进过程中易造成水化膨胀、缩径、坍塌等问题,增加了护壁的难度。针对该矿区的地层特征,采用LG植物胶无固相冲洗液顶漏钻进,成功地穿越了6 m厚粉煤,未发生坍塌,取得了较好的护壁效果,而且比较经济、安全、快速地完成了钻孔,为今后施工类似钻孔取得了宝贵的经验。     

卵砾石地层钻探用大直径加强型金刚石钻头的研制

采用不同于常规金刚石钻头的设计理念,选用高强度金刚石及耐磨金刚石聚晶体,对普通金刚石钻头胎体配方进行了改进,对常规金刚石钻头的烧结工艺参数作了适当的调整,试制出大直径加强型金刚石钻头。该钻头在耐磨性、抗冲击韧性及保径等方面较常规金刚石钻头显现出较大优势。在不改变常规钻进参数的情况下,较好地解决了卵砾石、破碎地层钻头寿命短、钻进速度慢、钻头易过早损坏等问题,可供类似的地层钻探施工选用。     

火山岩地层钻进金刚石钻头寿命与效率的探讨

火山岩地层岩性变化大,岩石的物理力学性质也差异极大,根据岩石的物理力学性质选用相应的金刚石钻头参数,能较大的提高金刚石钻头的使用寿命和钻进效率,从而获得较好的钻进效果和经济效益。从常见的几种火山岩地层中使用不同参数的金刚石钻头的使用寿命和钻进效率进行了统计和分析,提出了与地层相适宜的金刚石钻头技术参数的选用原则与选用方法。     

充填钻孔的关键要素与施工技术

充填采矿法是现代矿山广为采用的高效无废采矿法,充填钻孔是充填系统的＂咽喉＂。充填钻孔的使用寿命因素除了输送介质的物理特性、系统的力学特性、管道材料特性外,钻孔偏斜等施工质量成为决定性因素。充填倍线指标是充填钻孔设计的主要依据。充填钻孔施工方法与工序质量控制是保证充填孔质量的关键。在分析了影响充填钻孔使用寿命因素和充填钻孔施工难点的基础上,总结和介绍了充填钻孔的施工方法和质量控制措施。     

跟管钻头钻进工艺在水电勘探中的研究与应用

就近几年水电工程勘探施工中遇到的问题进行了分析和研究。首先讨论了植物胶冲洗液的改性及应用;然后重点讨论了跟管钻头钻进工艺在大型滑坡体勘探、坝轴线穿江斜孔勘探及处理孔内埋钻事故等方面的广泛应用。此工艺的实际应用效果大大高于传统跟管工艺,不仅提高了钻探总体水平,还具有较好的应用和推广价值。     

Hypoxia by degrees: Establishing definitions for a changing ocean

The marked increase in occurrences of low oxygen events on continental shelves coupled with observed expansion of low oxygen regions of the ocean has drawn significant scientific and public attention. With this has come the need for the establishment of better definitions for widely used terms such as “hypoxia” and “dead zones”. Ocean chemists and physicists use concentration units such as ??molO₂/kg for reporting since these units are independent of temperature, salinity and pressure and are required for mass balances and for numerical models of ocean transport. Much of the reporting of dead zone occurrences is in volumetric concentration units of mlO₂/l or mgO₂/l for historical reasons. And direct measurements of the physiological state of marine animals require reporting of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in matm or kPa since this provides the thermodynamic driving force for molecular transfer through tissue. This necessarily incorporates temperature and salinity terms and thus accommodates changes driven by climate warming and the influence of the very large temperature range around the world where oxygen limiting values are reported. Here we examine the various definitions used and boundaries set and place them within a common framework. We examine the large scale ocean pO₂ fields required for pairing with pCO₂ data for examination of the combined impacts of ocean acidification and global warming. The term “dead zones”, which recently has received considerable attention in both the scientific literature and the press, usually describes shallow, coastal regions of low oxygen caused either by coastal eutrophication and organic matter decomposition or by upwelling of low oxygen waters. While we make clear that bathyal low oxygen waters should not be confused with shallow-water “dead zones”, as deep water species are well adapted, we show that those waters represent a global vast reservoir of low oxygen water which can readily be entrained in upwelling waters and contribute to coastal hypoxia around the world and may be characterized identically. We examine the potential for expansion of those water masses onto continental shelves worldwide, thereby crossing limits set for many not adapted species.     

毛乌素沙地生物结皮层藓类植物培育试验研究

 通过对毛乌素沙地不同发育程度的藓结皮进行养分分析,根据其N、P、K含量,对Knop培养液进行修正,按照正交试验设计方法进行室内培育实验,研究最适合毛乌素沙地藓类植株茎叶碎段生长发育的温度、培养液浓度以及培养液使用量。结果表明,当温度为15 ℃,培养液为low Knop,加液体量为12 ml时,藓结皮的生长发育状况良好,其株密度为329株·皿-1,平均株高为4.5 mm; 25 ℃时处理间差异不显著,生长情况不及15 ℃,而35 ℃高温下没有茎叶碎段生长繁殖。根据所有处理株高随时间的变化,得出了藓类植株生长拟合曲线。本实验可为野外培育藓结皮尤其是毛乌素沙地生物结皮的人工修复提供了一定的参考。     

中国特有盐沼植物——海三棱藨草的现状及保护利用

海三棱藨草Scirpus mariqueter是中国特有盐沼植物,也是长江口淤涨型潮滩的典型盐沼先锋植物。在自然状况下,盐沼植被依照盐渍藻类—海三棱藨草—芦苇进行演替。近10年来,由于受长江口的高强度围垦、外来入侵种互花米草的大面积引种和长江中上游来沙量的锐减及全球气候变暖引起的海平面上升的迭加效应影响,海三棱藨草的面积呈加速缩减态势,如若不及时采取相应的保护措施,海三棱藨草将面临灭种的威胁,并由此带来长江河口滩涂湿地生态系统结构和功能的改变。为此,需对长江口滩涂围垦、互花米草种植促淤的人为措施进行深入研究,以保护好中国特有的盐沼植物海三棱藨草,维持长江河口湿地生态系统结构和功能的完整性,更好地发挥其湿地生态系统的服务功能。     

生计资本对农牧民生活满意度的影响——以甘南高原为例

地处青藏高原东缘的甘南高原是典型的生态环境脆弱区,提高农牧民的生计资本成为该区消除贫困、保护环境、可持续利用自然资源的基础与关键.本文建立了生计资本评估指标,结合实地调查资料评估了甘南高原纯牧区、半农半牧区和农区农户的生计资本状况,分析了不同区域农户面临的生活压力及需要的帮助,并采用logistic回归模型分析了农户生...     

Stability of axial orbits in galactic potentials

We investigate the dynamics in a galactic potential with two reflection symmetries. The phase-space structure of the real system is approximated with a resonant detuned normal form constructed with the method based on the Lie transform. Attention is focused on the stability properties of the axial periodic orbits that play an important role in galactic models. Using energy and ellipticity as parameters, we find analytical expressions of bifurcations and compare them with numerical results available in the literature.