古尔班通古特沙漠沙丘主要灌木的种群数量动态

种群数量动态的研究是认识种群的生存现状及发展动态的前提。通过对古尔班通古特沙漠固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘上主要固沙灌木的样地调查,分析了固沙灌木的年龄结构,建立了3种沙丘上固沙灌木的静态生命表和存活曲线。结果表明：（1）固沙灌木的存活个体数呈逐级递减的趋势,幼龄个体占有很高的比例;固定沙丘上梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）呈现Ⅰ型存活曲线,种群退化,白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）呈现Ⅱ型存活曲线,种群稳定;（2）半固定沙丘上白梭梭呈Ⅱ型存活曲线,种群相对稳定;沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）均呈现Ⅰ型存活曲线,种群处于退化状态;（3）流动沙丘上沙拐枣呈现Ⅲ型存活曲线,种群有较大的增长潜力,白梭梭呈现出Ⅱ型存活曲线,种群相对稳定,油蒿呈现出Ⅰ型存活曲线,种群处于不稳定的退化状态。     

层次分析法在垃圾处理场选址适宜性评价中的应用—以威海市艾山垃圾场为例

层次分析法是以定量计算和定性分析相结合的多目标决策方法,为分析威海市艾山垃圾处理场选址适宜性,该文将环境地质条件、环境保护条件、交通运输条件、场地建设条件、社会环境影响等作为评价因子,应用层次分析法对其进行了评价,并对层次分析法的优缺点进行了分析。     

New perspectives on ethnic segregation over time and space. A domains approach

Ethnic segregation has most often been studied at the place of residence, segregation being defined on the basis of the relative presence of different groups within city neighbourhoods. It is increasingly recognized, however, that segregation occurs in different ways in different domains (such as the workplace, leisure, social media, etc.), the residential domain being just one of many in which segregation can occur. In this research note we present the domains approach to segregation and outline some its conceptual, methodological and empirical underpinnings and challenges.     

基于土地利用/覆被变化表征的现代绿洲演变过程——以天山北坡三工河流域为例

本文以天山北坡三工河流域为例,利用1958年、1968年和1978年3期航片、1987年彩红外航片、1998年Landsat TM、2004年SPOT 5和2014年Landsat OLI影像,构建绿洲及其外围荒漠7期土地利用/土地覆被数据集,综合分析1950s屯垦戍边以来现代绿洲演变和外围荒漠植物群落变化。结果表明：①1950年以来,屯垦戍边使位于三工河冲洪积扇中下部的老绿洲不断向冲积平原扩张,老绿洲外围以柽柳和梭梭为建群种的土质荒漠景观不断转变为新绿洲,绿洲面积增加了4倍多。其中1958-1968年和2000s以来是绿洲变化最为显著的两个阶段,这两个阶段分别对应了农业用地和建设用地增幅最大的时期。② 三工河流域的现代绿洲演变过程中存在“地方管辖区”和“兵团农场区”两种基本管理模式,也正是这两种模式相互渗透、相互交叉融合,共同推动了现代绿洲演变。③三工河流域1950s-2004年现代绿洲演变具有干旱区绿洲演变的普遍特征,但2004年以后的演变仅适用于有较大规模跨流域调水或新增水源的绿洲演变情形。现代绿洲的扩张以荒漠植被的砍伐和破坏为代价,导致绿洲外围植物群落结构发生了显著的变化,这使得绿洲外围荒漠生态系统的保护愈加困难     

我国城市生活垃圾分类政策实施研究——以南京市为例

正确的垃圾分类政策是实现垃圾分类的前提和保证。通过对南京市居民的问卷调查,运用政策执行模糊-冲突模型,对南京市垃圾分类政策进行了分析。结果显示:南京市垃圾分类政策是高模糊-高冲突的,一种象征性执行政策,是无法真正落实的。通过协议使分类政策转变为低模糊-低冲突,或者通过强制执行使之转变为高冲突-低模糊政策,这些政策在南京市也是行不通的。南京市应调整垃圾分类政策,执行自下而上的低冲突-高模糊的政策,通过不断的实践和总结,最终形成南京市垃圾分类政策。     

基于家庭生命历程的北京郊区居民行为空间研究

郊区居民行为空间研究是解读郊区空间的重要方面之一,当前的研究多基于汇总的个体数据,从家庭层面出发的微观研究较少。本文运用质性研究方法,选取居住在北京五环至六环之间的3个不同类型的家庭开展实证研究,旨在通过以家庭为单元的行为空间研究,丰富对郊区居民行为空间的理解。研究发现：家庭的生命历程与家庭成员的日常行为之间存在一定的辩证关系。生命历程中的重要生命事件,包括迁居、就业选择、家庭结构变化、家内成员的社会角色变化等,会通过改变地理背景、移动性和家庭内部的责任分工,影响每一个成员的惯常活动模式。家庭内部的资源分配和时间安排形成了家庭成员一段时间内相对固定的行为模式,但当部分因素改变时,家庭也会通过一定的协调机制来响应家庭成员所遇到的制约,以便家庭成员能够更好的完成日常生活所需的各类活动。     

法门寺合十舍利塔主体塔钻孔灌注桩桩身质量控制

法门寺合十舍利塔主体塔桩基工程,设计工程寿命100年,工程质量要求严格,通过施工中砼碱骨料反应控制以及成孔质量、孔底沉渣、砼灌注、后压浆等环节的质量控制,工程质量满足要求。     

植被指数在“北京一号”数据耕地提取中的应用研究

本文旨在研究探讨适合我国最新发射的高性能对地观测"北京一号"小卫星影像中耕地提取方法。通过分析"北京一号"小卫星数据的波段特征,以山东曲阜多光谱图像为试验数据,计算典型的6种植被指数,在Erdas中建立模型,进行了耕地提取试验,并以灰度图像融合数据人工判读的结果作为参考数据,进行了精度评定。将适合"北京一号"小卫星数据的最佳植被指数提取模型应用于整个山东省的耕地提取中,得到修正植被指数提取模型,从而在"北京一号"小卫星数据耕地提取应用领域做了有效尝试。     

Noble metals in ash-cinder wastes of the Far East thermal power plants

The distribution and speciation of gold and platinum in ash-cinder wastes of the thermal power plants of Khabarovsk krai and Primorye are considered in terms of the research methods and the results obtained. The Au and PGE contents attain 2 g/t and higher, being 0.8–1.5 g/t on average. The ash of brown coal from the Pavlovka, Khurmuli, and some other fields is characterized by elevated PGE contents. The causes of discrepancies in the analytical determination of noble metals in coaly and carbonaceous rocks are considered. Accumulation of noble metals in coal is caused largely by their sorption on carbonaceous matter. The content of noble metals in ash-cinder wastes depends on their grade in the burnt coal. The latter, in turn, depends on the metallogenic characteristics of the coalfield. Gold and platinum are of economic importance, and a special technology for their recovery should to be worked out.     

Optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality

Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the “life quality theory”. Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following: (1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality. (2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement. (3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a “comprehensive village–featured village” and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages. (4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model (RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution.