ON THE PREDICTION OF TRANSIENT BED LEVELS DUE TO AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION INCLUDING ARMOURING

ＯＮＴＨＥＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＢＥＤＬＥＶＥＬＳＤＵＥＴＯＡＧＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＬＵＤＩＮＧＡＲＭＯＵＲＩＮＧＡ．Ｂ．ＰＡＬＡＮＩＡＰＰＡＮ１,Ｒ．Ｊ．ＧＡＲＤＥ２ａｎｄＰ．Ｎ．ＧＯＤＢＯＬＥ３...     

战术性与战略性的深穿透地球化学方法

多年来地球化学方法主要用于圈定出露及亚出露矿化四周的地表次生分散晕和分散流找矿或圈定盲矿上方地表的原生晕找矿,取得极大效果,但对被厚层运积物或厚层成矿后沉积岩或火山岩埋藏的矿体,由于地表次生异常与原生晕皆被掩蔽而显得无能为力。８０年代以来发展了一些新的能有效探索被厚达数百米运积层及成矿后沉积岩或火山岩埋藏的矿体的“深穿透”地球化学方法,包括澳大利亚的ＭＭＩ方法,加拿大与美国的酶提取方法,前苏联的ＣＨＩＭ方法,瑞典的ＧＥＯＧＡＳ方法及中国的ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ方法。这些方法大多数是用于详查中,用在地质预测认为深部有远景或地球物理方法发现深部有某种异常,但又无法取得可靠的矿化直接证据的地区,而中国的ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ方法则既是战术性的,又可在找寻隐伏的大型、特大型甚至巨型矿床上发挥巨大的战略作用。文中列举了在乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套巨型金矿及澳大利亚奥林匹克坝巨型铜铀金银矿周围进行的战略性深穿透ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ测量的结果,笔者认为这种战略性与战术性深穿透地球化学方法的发展将会加速在隐伏区找到大型至巨型矿的进程,并为勘查地球化学在２１世纪开拓广阔的新的研究领域。     

Perturbation Theory of Tori Without Complete Fourier Expansion

Perturbation theory of tori involves solving a first order partial differential equation, the so‐called homological equation. The usual complete Fourier expansions employed in its solution can be replaced by partial ones. The alternative solution so obtained is expressed in terms of integrals and without any explicit reference to trigonometric functions. Application to second order averaging is also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

Geographical Variation of Body Size of Neocalanus cristatus, N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri in the Subarctic Pacific and Its Marginal Seas: Implications for the Origin of Large Form of N. flemingeri in the Oyashio Area

Size distributions of Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and N. plumchrus were investigated in the eastern and the western subarctic gyres and three marginal seas of the North Pacific during the diapause period to examine the geographical variation in body size of Neocalanus species and to clarify the origin of the large biennial N. flemingeri which has been observed in the Oyashio region. There were significant among region variations in body sizes for all three species of Neocalanus. Generally, the body sizes of the copepods were larger in the marginal seas and marginal areas of the open ocean. In the open ocean, the body sizes increased westward. These patterns of variation in the body sizes roughly correlated with local food availability. Distribution of biennial N. flemingeri was restricted to the Sea of Japan, the Okhotsk Sea and the Oyashio region. The large-sized biennial N. flemingeri were abundantly observed in the Okhotsk Sea, and the medium-sized biennial individuals were observed in the Sea of Japan. These facts strongly suggest that the large biennial N. flemingeri in the Oyashio region are advected from the Okhotsk Sea.     

Life Histories and Breeding Patterns of Three Intertidal Sand Beach Isopods

Abstract. Three-weekly transects were done over a 14-month period at Sundays River Beach, a high energy beach in Algoa Bay, South Africa, to determine the life histories, breeding patterns, and fecundities of three intertidal cirolanid isopods. Eurydice longicornis. Pontogeloides latipes , and Excirolana naialensis. E. longicornis exhibits an annual, multivoltine life history with a more extended breeding period than the other two species. P. latipes and E. natalensis both have biennial. univoltine life histories with lower fecundities than E. longicornis.     

压弯载荷下焊趾表面裂纹工程萌生寿命预测

首先定义焊趾处从无裂纹到检测到表面裂纹长度达到 1.5mm时对应的循环次数为裂纹“工程萌生寿命”。给出了基于修正Neuber法并考虑焊接残余应力等影响的焊接结构焊趾裂纹工程萌生寿命计算方法。用成一定角度对接焊板试件和轴向加载获得压弯组合应力 ,以 980钢板焊接件为试件 ,在压弯组合应力的作用下 ,对焊趾表面裂纹萌生寿命进行了实验研究 ,确定了焊趾处的疲劳缺口系数。该结果可用于疲劳热点部位的受力特征为压弯组合应力的潜艇耐压壳、压力容器等的某些重要焊接结构疲劳计算     

Biodiversity of zoobenthic hard-substrate sublittoral communities in the Eastern Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea)

The spatial dispersion of zoobenthos from sublittoral hard substrate communities in the northern part of the Aegean Sea has been studied during summer 1997 and 1998. Material was collected by SCUBA diving, by totally scraping off five replicate quadrates (400 cm² each) at three depth levels (15, 30, 40 m) from six sites located in Chalkidiki peninsula, plus one in Kavala Gulf. The examination of the 19,343 living specimens collected revealed the presence of 314 species. Though the multivariate analyses showed high similarity between stations, the structure of this sciaphilic algal community seems to have an increased spatial heterogeneity. Four distinct facies were recorded in accordance with the occurrence of different algal forms, the degree of hard substrate inclination and the water clarity. A short review on the biodiversity of sublittoral communities in the Mediterranean revealed the affinity between the western and the eastern basin and also among the photophilic and the sciaphilic algal communities.