High‐precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin in Central China

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.     

Alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine–Meuse delta (the Netherlands)

Ancient fluvial successions often act as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Sub‐surface data on the alluvial architecture of fluvial successions are often incomplete and modelling is performed to reconstruct the stratigraphy. However, all alluvial architecture models suffer from the scarcity of field data to test and calibrate them. The purposes of this study were to quantify the alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine–Meuse delta (the Netherlands) and to determine spatio‐temporal trends in the architecture. Five north–south orientated cross‐sections, perpendicular to the general flow direction, were compiled for the fluvial‐dominated part of the delta. These sections were used to calculate the width/thickness ratios of fluvial sandbodies (SBW/SBT) and the proportions of channel‐belt deposits (CDP), clastic overbank deposits (ODP) and organic material (OP) in the succession. Furthermore, the connectedness ratio (CR) between channel belts was calculated for each cross‐section. Distinct spatial and temporal trends in the alluvial architecture were found. SBW/SBT ratios decrease by a factor of ca 4 in a downstream direction. CDP decreases from ca 0·7 (upstream) to ca 0·3 (downstream). OP increases from less than 0·05 in the upstream part of the delta to more than 0·25 in the downstream delta. ODP is approximately constant (0·4). CR is ca 0·25 upstream, which is approximately two times larger than in the downstream part of the delta. Furthermore, CDP in the downstream Rhine–Meuse delta increases after 3000 cal yr BP. These trends are attributed to variations in available accommodation space, floodplain geometry and channel‐belt size. For instance, channel belts tend to narrow in a downstream direction, which reduces SBW/SBT, CDP and CR. Tectonics cause local deviations in the general architectural trends. In addition, the positive correlation between avulsion frequency and the ratio of local to regional aggradation rate probably influenced alluvial architecture in the Rhine–Meuse delta. The Rhine–Meuse data set can be a great resource when developing more sophisticated models for alluvial architecture simulation, which eventually could lead to better characterizations of hydrocarbon reservoirs. To aid such usage of the Rhine–Meuse data set, constraints for relevant parameters are provided at the end of the paper.     

金沙江其宗河段河谷演化及其工程效应

金沙江其宗河段实地调研揭示:该河段共发育Ⅳ级阶地,其中Ⅳ级阶地卵砾石比Ⅲ级阶地的风化程度强得多;测年显示Ⅳ级阶地形成年代距今约80～90 ka,Ⅲ级阶地形成距今仅40～50 ka,取自zk204钻孔下部炭化木的14C测年为45 ka,这表明Ⅳ级阶地形成后,河谷一直下切到基覆界面,回填加积至现今Ⅲ级阶地的高度,然后又重新下切,形成Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级及Ⅰ级阶地,在形成程式上与川西河谷演化有较为明显的差异.由于河床覆盖层中、下部形成于晚更新世,具有超固结效果,不但承载力高而且不具有液化性.     

拉西瓦左坝肩大型古变形体形成演化及其稳定性分析

拉西瓦水电站坝址论证阶段已查明,拟建坝址区内多个变形破裂体的潜在失稳严重危及着拉西瓦工程的顺利施工与安全运行,尤其是左坝肩ⅡB大型古变形破裂体已成为坝址变形体研究的关键问题.立足于大量的地面调查、多个平硐勘探与测试,本文首先介绍了ⅡB大型变形破裂体的变形破裂特征,并应用现场氡气探测裂缝深度等结果,界定了变形体的边界.其次,采用ESR方法对变形体内各典型裂缝进行了地质测年,分析了ⅡB大型变形破裂体的形成机制与形成演化过程,并探讨了该变形体的稳定性.研究表明,大多数裂缝都是在10万年以前形成,也证明了该变形体为一古变形体;在天然状态下ⅡB变形体目前整体处于稳定状态,但其表部和前缘有局部稳定性较差的部位.     

云南金满、水泄铜多金属矿床的Ar-Ar同位素年代学及其地质意义

滇西北兰坪中新生代盆地西缘铜多金属成矿带受澜沧江断裂带控制,赋矿围岩为二叠系至第三系,主要由下二叠统经上三叠统到上侏罗统砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造、火山岩建造及含盐红色碎屑岩建造,矿体主要以脉状或透镜状产出。对该成矿带上的金满铜矿床和水泄铜(钴)矿床主成矿阶段的石英进行了^40Ar-^39Ar快中子活化法同位素地质年龄测定,获得坪年龄分别为56．7±1．0Ma和59．2±0．8Ma,且各自与对应的等时年龄在误差范围内完全一致,都可以代表矿石的形成年龄。综合已发表的有关兰坪盆地西缘及盆地内部铜、多金属矿床成岩成矿同位素年代学研究结果,表明两矿床与区域矿床具有一致的成矿时代,反映区域铜、多金属矿床均形成于喜马拉雅造山运动早期统一的地球动力学背景之下。     

杭州地区石笋稳定同位素古气候探索

用１４Ｃ测年技术和稳定同位素地球化学古温度方法，对浙江省临安瑞晶洞穴的石笋进行了１４Ｃ的测年和碳、氢、氧同位素测试，获得５～１万年间杭州地区古气候演化记录、该记录表明，在５～１万年间有三次较明显的周期性古温度变化，最高温度为１４．９℃，最低温度为６．６℃，最大温差为８℃左右，平均温差３～５℃。这段时期正处在大理冰期后期，但大理冰期并不是一个持续的低温阶段，它至少有３次温度波动。与我们获得的石笋同位素古温度相一致。另外，我们将５～１万年间杭州地区古气候变化与同期东南沿海的海平面变化进行了对比，在时间上也较为吻合，也就是温度上升、海平面也上升，温度下降、海平面也随之下降     

吉林省塔东大型铁矿地球化学特征及黄铁矿Re- Os同位素定年

塔东铁矿是吉黑成矿省内最大的火山喷流沉积-变质改造型铁矿。首次对矿床地质特征、岩石地球化学特征、黄铁矿微区分析、黄铁矿Re-Os同位素进行了系统研究。矿床产于塔东群含矿岩系中,矿体为层状、似层状或透镜状,产状与围岩一致。矿石构造以条带状构造为主,其次为层纹状、致密块状、皱纹状等构造。地球化学分析塔东铁矿岩石形成于海底化学沉积—海底基性火山喷发—海底火山碎屑交替沉积环境,大地构造环境为陆- 陆碰撞带岛弧构造环境。塔东铁矿电子探针分析磁铁矿全铁含量88.49% ~ 93.72% , 平均92.35%, SiO2 含量0 ~ 1.058%,平均0.075%; TiO2 含量0 ~0.13% ,平均0.03%; Al2O3含量0~ 0.30%,平均0.06%; MgO含量 0~ 0.26% , 平均0.06%; MnO含量 0~ 0.08% ,平均0.03%,成因类型以岩浆岩型、火山岩型及沉积变质型为主。黄铁矿主量元素Fe含量43.534%~48.246%,平均46.779%。S含量48.728%~54.402%,平均51.837%。S/Fe 1.782~2.072,平均1.931,具较弱的硫亏损特点,反映火山热液和变质热液特点。5件黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测定w（Re）为1 172~29 810(×10-12),w（Os）为20~184(×10-12), 187Os/188 Os为3.82~52.11,187Re/188Os为601~7 739。Re-Os模式年龄值为370Ma~448Ma,等时线年龄为401±41Ma,MSWD=10.2,Initial187Os/188Os为0.3±3.4。Re-Os同位素数据显示塔东铁矿成矿时期为加里东晚期,成矿物质来源为地壳,并厘定含矿岩系的主体时代为早古生代,而非新元古代。     

江西相山火山-侵入杂岩体锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

采用锆石SHRIMP微区U-Pb测年技术,测定了江西相山铀矿田火山-侵入杂岩的时代。采自于相山西北部的石马山和西部南陂的鹅湖岭组碎斑熔岩的SHRIMP锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值分别为(134.6±1.0)Ma(MSWD=1.5)和(134.1±1.0)Ma(MSWD=0.65),可以限定相山第二火山喷发旋回的结束时代为134 Ma;采自于相山北部巴泉和南部浯漳的似斑状花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(133.3±0.8)Ma(MSWD=0.82)和(134.7±0.9)Ma(MSWD=1.08),与碎斑熔岩的年龄在误差范围内基本一致,结合野外地质事实和前人的地球化学测试分析结果,确认碎斑熔岩和似斑状花岗岩属于同期、同来源的火山喷发-侵入的产物,形成于134～133 Ma。书堂钻孔ZK111A-1中打鼓顶组顶部流纹英安岩的锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(141.6±1.7)Ma(MSWD=0.9),表明第一旋回火山喷发的时代应结束于142 Ma,大部分属于晚侏罗世火山活动。岗上英钻孔岩心中石英二长花岗斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(136.4±1.0)Ma(MSWD=1.7),如意亭剖面第二采石场流纹质英安斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(137.4±1.7)Ma(MSWD=1.11);推测这两者应属于早晚两期火山喷发旋回间隔期的次火山-侵入岩,进而限定136～137 Ma为相山两期火山喷发旋回的间隔时期。综合前人资料和本文测试分析结果,可将相山火山喷发第二旋回鹅湖岭组的时代限定为136～133 Ma,应属于早白垩世的火山活动,进而认为将相山地区"鹅湖岭组"的地层时代划归为早白垩世较为合适。     

塔里木盆地典型砂岩油气储层自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年研究与成藏年代探讨

塔里木盆地共发现 8套砂岩油气储层 ,对其中的 5套典型砂岩油气储层进行了自生伊利石K Ar同位素测年分析与研究。利用该项技术对其成藏史进行初步探讨是本次研究的主要目的。中央隆起下志留统沥青砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 383.4 5～ 2 35 .17Ma ,表明志留系古油藏形成于加里东晚期—海西晚期 ;上泥盆统东河砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 6 3.82～ 2 31.34Ma ,表明东河砂岩油气藏主要形成于海西晚期 ;库车坳陷依南 2气田 (依南 2井 )下侏罗统阳霞组砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 8.0 8～ 2 3.85Ma ,表明油气充注发生在中新世以来 ;喀什凹陷阿克莫木气田 (阿克 1井 )下白垩统砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 2 .6 0～ 18.79Ma ,表明中新世可能有古油气运移或古油藏形成 ;库车坳陷迪那 2气藏 (迪那 2 0 1井 )古近系砂岩中的伊利石主要为碎屑成因 ,不能用于进行油气成藏史研究 ,但该气藏白垩系砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 5 .4 9～ 15 .4 7Ma ,表明可能为中新世成藏。本次研究表明 ,该项技术在塔里木盆地初步显示出较好的应用效果 ,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

江西九岭南缘九仙汤侵入体的锆石U—Pb定年

九仙汤侵入体位于江西九岭复式岩基内,前人认为属燕山期花岗岩。笔者在该区进行1：25万上高县幅区域地质调查时,利用T／MS锆石u—Pb定年方法对九仙汤英云闪长岩进行了同位素年龄测定,结果表明九仙汤侵入体形成时代为（763±1）Ma,属新元古代花岗岩。