湿Q矢量释用技术及其在定量降水预报中的应用

新发展了一种湿Q矢量释用技术:利用松弛法迭代求解以非地转干Q矢量散度为强迫项的方程得到垂直运动场ω ₁, 然后由ω ₁计算湿Q矢量散度场, 接着再利用松弛法迭代求解以湿Q矢量散度场为强迫项的ω方程得到垂直运动ω ₂, 最后由ω ₂结合水汽条件进行降水量计算, 得到湿Q矢量释用降水场。结合一次典型的江淮梅雨锋暴雨过程研究表明, 湿Q矢量释用降水场对同期观测降水场水平分布特征、极端降水强度都具有一定的反映能力, 反映出湿Q矢量释用技术具备实际应用的可行性和一定合理性。将此释用技术应用于华东区域数值预报模式 (基于MM5 V3.6而建立, 以下简称MM5) 产品, 得到湿Q矢量释用定量降水预报 (QPF) 场, 其独立于模式本身输出的QPF场, 但与模式QPF场具有相同的时空分辨率。针对2004年6—8月汛期华东地区一次梅雨锋降水过程和一次登陆台风降水过程, 结合实况雨量资料, 比较分析了湿Q矢量释用QPF场和MM5模式QPF场对实际观测降水场的反映能力, 结果表明, 前者对有无降水、10.0 mm/24 h以上明显降水的反映能力明显优于后者。进一步进行预报统计检验表明, 湿Q矢量释用预报有无降水、小雨及10.0 mm/24 h以上降水的TS评分、正确率都明显高于MM5模式, 而漏报率、空报率则是前者明显低于后者。这也充分反映出湿Q矢量释用技术应用于QPF研究的有效性。最后, 探讨了数值预报产品释用技术对数值预报模式性能的依赖性, 并指出未来对湿Q矢量释用技术进一步改进的方向及其广泛应用前景。     

新疆及周边地区Lg尾波的Qem值分布

首先运用叠加谱比法， 对新疆地区22个数字化台网台站、乌鲁木齐台站以及周边的7个台站1999～2003年上半年所记录的1 156个宽带垂直记录，进行了处理， 得到了与各射线相对应的Q0值（1 Hz处的Q值）和频率相关因子eta;. 在此基础上， 应用反投影技术， 得到了新疆地区1deg;times;1deg;网格的Q0值和eta;值的分布图象. 结果表明: 在塔里木地台及西伯利亚地台边缘，Q0值较高，为300～450； 而在南部的西昆仑褶皱系、松潘甘孜褶皱系，Q0呈现出低值，在150～250的范围内变化；在北部的准葛尔褶皱系和天山褶皱系，Q0现出较低的值，在250～300的范围内变化，eta;值的变化范围为0.5～0.9.       

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????Sato???????????????????????????????о?????-???????????β??Qc???仯?????????Qc???????仯????Qc(f)=19.63??4.81f ^{1.183 8??0.094 5}?? ??2005??12??3??ML3.9????????????????????ε????Q0???????仯?????????????????????????????????к?????ε????Q0???????仯?????????????????????????????? ?????????п?????ζ????????????????н???????????Ρ?     

Health Seeking Behavior: Q‐Structures of Rural and Urban Women in India with Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Reproductive Tract Infections

I use a gender framework to examine why women need to utilize social networks to discover and resolve problems related to reproductive tract infections (RTI) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In India, women's health is linked with social status and perception of their health needs. This paper provides insight on how social networks are gender‐, location‐, and context‐specific and how they are linked to STD issues. This paper examines why social networks are integral to women. The health‐seeking behavior of rural and urban casual sex workers is examined via Q‐analysis, a language of mapping relationships. Results from Q‐analysis reveal women's use of four systems—kinship, belief, traditional medical, and western medical services. Finally, I conclude with important implications for research on gender relations and social networks.     

基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度叶面积指数和生物量的模拟

The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper,The procedure was:(1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images;(2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated;(3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch ,stem ,root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated;(4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained.The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcoInfo software ,The method is laso a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale ,A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated ,Aalysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.     

基于L—BFGS算法的全波形反演Q值方法研究

估计地层品质因子Q对描述地下构造分布和油气预测都有着重要的意义。考虑到地震波在介质中传播时的黏滞吸收作用,笔者选择2D黏滞性声波方程全波形反演,将观测波场与正演模拟计算得到的波场构建一个目标函数,引入L--BFGS算法反演出地层品质因子。将该方法应用于异常体模型和Marmousi模型测试,结果均表明反演的模型与理论模型的相对误差较小,计算精度高,反演效果好。     

不同温度条件下褐菖鲇幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率

利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃．     

Q1井弃井作业复杂情况处理与认识

Q1井在弃井作业过程中遇到复杂情况,对套管的切割回收带来了很大的困难.由于φ244.5 mm套管外水泥环返至井口,使得套管在割断后无法提出,经过多次上移套管切割深度后,采用特殊的作业手段将套管提拉出井眼;后续在回收φ762 mm套管和φ508 mm＊φ339.7 mm变径套管时,由于φ244.5 mm套管割深过浅,使得φ508 mm＊φ339.7 mm变径套管的可切割长度极短,通过设计非常规的切割钻具组合、非常规的打捞方法才得以完成回收.详细介绍了打捞钻具组合设计、打捞方法,对水下井口的非常规弃井回收作业有借鉴意义.     

A study of partitioning Q vector on background conditions of a torrential rainfall over Shanghai, China on 25 August 2008

A rainfall that occurred during 0200–1400 Beijing Standard Time(BST)25 August 2008 shows the rapid development of a convective system,a short life span,and a record rate of 117.5 mm h-1for Xujiahui station since 1872.To study this torrential rainfall process,the partitioning method of Q vector is developed,in which a moist Q vector is first separated into a dry ageostrophic Q vector(DQ)and a diabatic-heating component.The dry ageostrophic Q vector is further partitioned along isothermal lines in the natural...