The discovery of the Neoarchean mafic dyke swarm in Hengshan and reinterpretation of the previous "Wutai greenstone belt"

The structural mapping and section study indicate that the "greenstone belts" in the southern to central parts of Hengshan were intensively sheared and transposed mafic dyke swarm,which originally intruded into the Neoarchean grey gneiss and high-pressure granulite terrain(HPGT).The HPGT is characterized by flat-dipping structures,to the south it became steep and was cut by the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm.After high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic event,the mafic dyke swarm occurred,and was associated with the extensional setting and reworked by the late strike-slip shearing.The zircon age dating proves that the Dianmen mafic dyke swarm was emplaced during the period between 2499±4 Ma and 2512±3 Ma,followed by late tectonothermal reworking.The Dianmen mafic dyke swarm further documents the extensional episode in the central to northern parts of North China Craton(NCC),providing the important constraint for the limit between Archean and Proterozoic and correlation between NCC and other cratonic blocks of the world.     

Mixed messages in iron oxide–copper–gold systems of the Cloncurry district,Australia: insights from PIXE analysis of halogens and copper in fluid inclusions

Proterozoic rocks of the Cloncurry district in NW Queensland, Australia, are host to giant (tens to hundreds of square kilometers) hydrothermal systems that include (1) barren regional sodic–calcic alteration, (2) granite-hosted hydrothermal complexes with magmatic–hydrothermal transition features, and (3) iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) show that IOCG deposits and the granite-hosted hydrothermal complexes contain abundant high temperature, ultrasaline, complex multisolid (type 1) inclusions that are less common in the regional sodic–calcic alteration. The latter is characterized by lower salinity three-phase halite-bearing (type 2) and two-phase (type 3) aqueous inclusions. Copper contents of the type 1 inclusions (>300 ppm) is higher than in type 2 and 3 inclusions (<300 ppm), and the highest copper concentrations (>1,000 ppm) are found both in the granite-hosted systems and in inclusions with Br/Cl ratios that are consistent with a magmatic source. The Br/Cl ratios of the inclusions with lower Cu contents are consistent with an evaporite-related origin. Wide ranges in salinity and homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions in IOCG deposits and evidence for multiple fluid sources, as suggested by halogen ratios, indicate fluid mixing as an important process in IOCG genesis. The data support both leaching of Cu by voluminous nonmagmatic fluids from crustal rocks, as well as the direct exsolution of Cu-rich fluids from magmas. However, larger IOCG deposits may form from magmatic-derived fluids based on their higher Cu content.     

黑龙江小兴安岭-张广才岭地区元古宙地(岩)层特征及成岩时代

小兴安岭-张广才岭地区位于西伯利亚板块南缘佳木斯-兴凯地块.区内元古宙地（岩）层,包括古元古界东风山岩群和尔站岩群、中元古界黑龙江岩群和新元古界张广才岭岩群.每个岩群的原岩建造代表了陆内-陆缘拉张环境下的活动型（火山）沉积.由于构造改造,岩层间为总体有序局部无序构造接触.地质关系及同位素测年资料显示,其成岩时代为元古宙.他们总体上呈近南北向分布于佳木斯地块西缘、西侧,明显受佳木斯地块形成-增生演化历程所控制,均属于元古宙期间多次发育的陆内-陆缘裂谷构造环境的活动产物,并相应的配套发育了裂陷槽封闭、陆缘增生及同构造岩浆活动造山等地质构造事件,体现了多次开合、多旋回造山的构造体制.     

江西修水地区中元古界双桥山群浊流沉积

对江西修水地区双桥山群安乐林组和修水组的岩石组合、沉积构造、浊积岩岩相、垂向演化序列进行了详细论述,识别出两个比较完整的浊积扇,其内部可进一步划分为内扇主水道、次级水道、高阶地;中扇分支水道、分支水道漫滩、外缘垛体;外扇沉积,反映了一个从进积到退积的沉积旋回,揭示了从安乐林组发生海退到修水组发生海侵的总体变化趋势.对修水组底部砂岩和砾岩结构、层序特征、横向变化等的系统研究,显示其具有明显的深水重力流特征,系海平面快速下降过程中形成的浊积扇内扇主水道砾岩.研究表明安乐林组与修水组为连续沉积,"修水运动"不存在.     

Geological and Isotopic Constraints on the Metallogenic Evolution of the Proterozoic Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn (Ag) Deposits of Brazil

Integrated studies of seven Proterozoic sediment-hosted, Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide deposits of Brazil, permit the estimation of the age of the hosting sequence and the mineralization, the nature of the sulfur and metal sources, the temperature range of sulfide formation and the environment of deposition. These deposits can be classified into three groups, according to their ages. (a) Archean to Paleoproterozoic: the Boquira deposit, in Bahia state, consists of stratiform massive and disseminated sulfides hosted by parametamorphic sequences of grunnerite-cummingtonite+magnetite that represent a silicate facies of the Boquira Formation (BF). Lead isotope data of galena samples indicate a time span between 2.7 and 2.5 Ga for ore formation, in agreement with the stratigraphic position of the BF. The relatively heavy sulfur isotope compositions for the disseminated and stratiform sulfides (+8.3 to +12.8 ‰ CDT)suggest a sedimentary source for the sulfur. (b) Paleo to Mesoproterozoic: stratiform and stratabound sulfides in association with growth faults are present in the Canoas mine (Ribeira, in Paraná state) and in the Caboclo mineralization (Bahia state). They are hosted by calcsilicates and amphibolites in the Canoas deposit, whereas in the Caboclo area the mineralization is associated with hydrothermally altered dolarenites at the base of the 1.2 Ga Caboclo Formation. The interpreted Pb-Pb age of the Canoas mineralization is coeval with the 1.7 Ga host rocks. Sulfur isotopic data for Canoas sulfides (+1.2 to +16 ‰ CDT) suggest a sea water source for the sulfur. The range between −21.1 and +8.8 ‰ CDT for the Caboclo sulfides could suggest the action of bacterial reduction of seawater sulfates, but this interpretation is not conclusive. (c) Neoproterozoic: stratiform and stratabound sulfide deposits formed during the complex diagenetic history of the host carbonate rocks from the Morro Agudo (Bambui Group), Irecê and Nova Redenção (Una Group), yield heavy sulfur isotope values (+18.9 to +39.4 ‰ CDT). The uniform heavy isotope composition of the barites from these deposits (+25.1 to +40.9 ‰) reflect their origin from Neoproterozoic seawater sulfates. The late-stage, and most important, metallic concentrations represent sulfur scavenged from pre-existing sulfides or from direct reduction of evaporitic sulfate minerals. Lead isotope data from the Bambui Group suggest focused fluid circulation from diverse Proterozoic sediment sources, that probably was responsible for metal transport to the site of sulfide precipitation. (d) Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic: lead-zinc sulfides (+pyrite and chalcopyrite) of Santa Maria deposits, in Rio Grande do Sul, form the matrix of arkosic sandstones and conglomerates, and are closely associated with regional faults forming graben structures. Intermediate volcanic rocks are intercalated with the basal siliciclastic members. Lead isotope age of the mineralization (0.59 Ga) is coeval with the host rocks. Sulfur isotopic values between −3.6 and +4.1 are compatible with a deep source for the sulfur.Geological, petrographic and isotopic data of the deposits studied suggest that they were formed during periods of extensional tectonics. Growth faults or reactivated basement structures probably were responsible for localized circulation of metal-bearing fluids within the sedimentary sequences. Sulfides were formed by the reduction of sedimentary sulfates in most cases. Linear structures are important controls for sulfide concentration in these Proterozoic basins.     

Sedimentary lithofacies characteristics and sweet-spot interval characterization of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Upper Yangtze Platform,South China

The Sinian Doushantuo Formation is the oldest shale gas reservoir discovered in the world, which contains good shale gas shows as the Eyangye-1 and Zidi-1 wells in the Yichang Region of western Hubei province, China. The shales in the Doushantuo Formation feature considerable thickness (135 m), high gas content (4.83 m³/t) and high fragile mineral content (up to 75%). Due to the influences of the sedimentary environment, the shale reservoirs here have high dolomitic content (54%) and abruptly changes in vertical lithofacies. Moreover, the characteristics of the shale sweet-spot differ significantly from that in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in southeast Sichuan Basin. A high-resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation was performed on the shales of the Doushantuo Formation at the Eyangye-1 well, Zidi-1 well, Zidi-2 well and some outcrop profiles in Yichang area for the identification of their sedimentary microfacies characteristics. A comprehensive comparative analysis was made by incorporating the elemental geochemistry, wireline and mud logging data of the well to further identify the sweet-spot interval therein. With the analysis of Eyangye-1 well, the sweet-spot interval of the Doushantuo Formation is 3360−3408 m, of which sedimentary microfacies is deepwater reduced environment with many pyrite laminaes, and the TOC is high to 3.42%, the Ro is 3.3%, the organic and matrix pore are well developed and the aperture more than 50 nm, the porosity is 2.7%, the desorption gas content average is 2.16%, and the main mineral is dolomitic (54%) and siliceous quartz (21%). Additionally, these parameters combined with previous studies will shed light on evaluating and characterizing the layers therein, also provide referential geological data for the following exploration and development activities of this shale system.     

北京密云元古宙环斑花岗岩古风化壳及其与长城系常州沟组的关系

华北地区长城系在中国元古宙研究中占有相当重要的地位,其底界是目前划分古、中元古界的重要界线标志。长期以来,由于在靠近长城系底部缺少可定年的岩层或地质体,其底界年龄一直难以确定。近年来笔者在北京密云地区,发现了长城系常州沟组砂岩层直接覆盖在发育有古风化壳的环斑花岗岩(脉)之上。风化壳物质的组成主要为环斑花岗岩的原地风化岩石,以及向上过渡为貌似环斑花岗岩的粗碎屑岩。已获得古风化壳环斑花岗质碎屑岩的碎屑锆石U Pb年龄值为（1 682±20）Ma (SHRIMP) 和（1 708±56）Ma (LA ICP MS)等,与相邻的密云环斑花岗岩年龄相同。初步分析表明,密云环斑花岗岩及其同期岩脉在侵位之后,曾随着区域地壳抬升暴露出地表。经过一定时期的风化和部分剥蚀,在其表面形成残积物和接近原地堆积的环斑花岗质碎屑物质。从形成时间来看,这套岩石应属于“前常州沟期(组)”。它的存在和测年结果显示,长城系常州沟组的底界年龄应小于1 682 Ma,而不是以前划定的1 800 Ma。根据环斑花岗质沉积岩碎屑锆石以及已有的上覆地层相关年龄数据的分析,我们初步提出长城系底界年龄约为1 665~1 670 Ma。     

Tectonic evolvement of metamorphic complexes at Jilin paleocontinental margin during the transition from late Archaean to early Proterozoic

The tectonic activities during late Archaean-earlyProterozoic is the crisis during the process of crustevolution. The tectonic kinematical mode and dynamicprocess of metamorphic complexes formed is the keyproblem in geosciences[1—7], related to many importantgeological events, such as the substitute of dynamicalsystems and the corresponding relationship betweendeep crust-mantle structure and upper regional stressfield. The predecessors have made a great deal ofstudy on this topic and achieved…     

隆昌地区辽河群岩石组构分析

通过对隆昌地区早元古宙辽河群变质岩的组构分析,表明该区经历了四期变形,第一期固态流变构造分布较广,较长期而缓慢的近水平东西向a型顺层剪切导致发生第二期纵弯褶曲,形成吉祥峪—算盘峪复背斜,同时还卷入了由地幔上升沿层间滑脱面挤入的辉长岩。复背斜的西侧在第三期形成北北东向延伸的团山子正断性韧性剪切带,上盘下降,主压应力近垂直于地面,拉伸方向近120°。第四期为隆昌—水泉沟滑覆构造,使大石桥岩组大理岩覆在褶皱了的高家峪岩组之上。