横断面测图比例尺及断面间距对挖填工程量的精度影响

横断面测图比例尺及断面间距的选择，直接影响到挖填工程量的计算精度，本文通过对方量精度估算分析，提出了供设计人员和测绘人员参考的测量方案。     

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE GEZHOUBA PROJECT ON FLOOD PROPAGATION IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

A l-D numerical model of unsteady flow for river channel has been developed in the paPer. Based ontoPograPhy of l980 and field data of a flood occurred on July l2-25, l981 (,'8l.7" flood), caIculation ofthe "8l.7" flood rouhng has been imPlemented as calibration of the model. Using the same hydrographsof,'8l.7" flood and different toPograPhies of l980 and l993 respectively, processes and profiles ofhydrograps, variations and featores of flood traVel along the Yichang-Jianli river reaches h…     

水沙调节后荆江典型河道横向调整过程的响应——Ⅰ. 二、三维耦合模型的建立

三峡水库蓄水运用后,下游河道来水来沙条件均会发生改变,从而影响河道河势演变过程(包括垂向冲淤变化以及横向调整过程)。为解决长河道因岸滩崩塌引起的河势演变模拟问题,依据水位、流量及输沙量守恒和河床及河岸变形连续等条件,提出虚拟断面连接法构建了考虑岸滩崩塌的二、三维嵌套河势研究数值模型。采用1996年10月~1998年10月沙市至新厂河段实测资料对模型进行了验证,模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好,从而为定量研究水沙条件变化对荆江河道横向调整过程的影响提供了技术支撑。     

南水北调典型倒虹吸防冰塞安全运行试验

研究倒虹吸等局部水工建筑物的防冰塞安全运行条件对于南水北调输水工程的冰期安全运行有着重要的意义。通过真冰条件下的倒虹吸冰水动力学试验,模拟了不同水力条件时冰块在倒虹吸进口前的堆积和演变过程,得到了倒虹吸防冰塞安全运行时各相关水力参数间的关系。根据实验结论对南水北调中线工程京石段倒虹吸的冰期输水能力和调控进行了分析,为该输水工程倒虹吸冰期的安全运行提供参考。     

三峡大坝下游近坝段沙质河床形态调整及洲滩联动演变关系

大型水库运行改变了坝下游水沙条件,引起河床冲淤、洲滩形态等适应性调整,尤其是近坝段沙质河床的响应最为敏感。以三峡大坝下游近坝段沙质河段为研究对象,采用1955-2018年水沙数据与1975-2018年地形资料,研究了河床冲淤量及河床形态、洲滩形态演变及联动关系等。研究表明：伴随流域来沙量减少,1975-2018年河床为累积冲刷态势,枯水河槽冲刷量占总冲刷量的93.1%,同步发生洲滩面积减少、深泓下切;以2009年分界,滩槽冲淤逐渐由"低滩冲刷,高滩淤积"逐渐向"低滩、高滩均冲"转变;受来沙量锐减、河道采砂活动等影响,2013年以来河床冲刷强度显著增大,疏浚抛泥对滩槽冲淤的影响较小;航道工程实施前滩群演变关联性强,太平口心滩发育与头部下移引起腊林洲边滩上段面积减小并后退,对应腊林洲边滩尾部面积增大且淤宽,使得三八滩面积减小且右缘蚀退,金城洲逐渐由边滩演变为心滩;航道工程实施后太平口心滩与腊林洲边滩上段关联性减弱,受航道工程及疏浚抛泥等影响腊林洲边滩下段淤宽,引起三八滩维持面积持续减小、右缘后退及左移态势,促使金城洲萎缩且分散。     

Analysis of the effect of Water Diversion and Source Supplement Project on groundwater recharge in Daixi River Basin

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a major national water conservancy project, but the effect of the water transfer depends on the utilization of water in the receiving areas. Water Diversion and Source Supplement Project is a specific utilization of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Zouping City. In order to analyze the effect of Water Diversion and Source Supplement Project on groundwater recharge in Daixi River Basin, the authors adopted the water balance method to calculate the groundwater recharge and total recharge of water diversion sources, based on the analysis of the groundwater recharge items in Daixi River Basin after carrying out this project. The total recharge is regarded as the amount of exploitable groundwater resources. The exploitable potential of groundwater resources in this area is evaluated by the comparison of the amount of exploitable groundwater resources and the actual amount of groundwater exploitation, and the effect of Water Diversion and Source Supplement Project on the over-exploitation of groundwater on the remission area was also demonstrated. Besides, the effective replenishment effect of this project on the groundwater in the study area was also revealed based on the annual groundwater and multi-year groundwater level dynamic monitoring data, which provides some reference for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in this region.     

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井东孔上白垩统地球物理测井科学成果

松辽盆地科学钻探工程是围绕地球深部资源、古环境与古气候等一系列重要地球科学问题而实施的重大科学工程。作为该工程的主体钻孔, 松科二井东孔设计为松辽盆地最深钻孔, 设计深度6 400.0 m, 计划穿透白垩系地层、钻至盆地基底。由于上白垩统井段取心量非常少, 因此地球物理测井的作用尤为重要。该孔正式开钻后, 采用先进的成像测井设备对一开和二开钻井井段(上白垩统井段)先后实施4次裸眼井综合测井和套管井测井作业, 并系统地开展测井综合评价, 取得以下科学成果: (1)原位获取了常规测井、特殊测井和固井质量检查测井资料共20种, 资料丰富、质量优良, 建立了上白垩统连续的岩石物理参数标准剖面; (2)完成了上白垩统地层划分、岩性识别、沉积和构造精细解释; (3)识别出泉头组油气储层、嫩江组和青山口组烃源岩层、嫩江组高放射性异常层, 以及上白垩统地热开发潜力层; (4)探索了青山口组古气候分析的有利测井指标; (5)及时提供准确的井径、钻孔轨迹和固井质量等关键钻探工程信息。研究成果对于松辽盆地地球物理勘探科学“标尺”建立、古环境与古气候研究、钻探工程施工起到至关重要的作用, 为整个钻探工程科学目标的实现奠定良好基础。     

Increasing probability of concurrent drought between the water intake and receiving regions of the Hanjiang to Weihe River Water Diversion Project,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Water diversion projects are an effective measure to mitigate water shortages in water-limited areas. Understanding the risk of such projects increasing...     

CMPI5多模式对南海上层海洋热含量的模拟比较

Seventeen models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5（CMIP5） activity are compared on their historical simulation of the South China Sea（SCS） ocean heat content（OHC） in the upper 300 m. Ishii＇s temperature data, based on the World Ocean Database 2005（WOD05） and World Ocean Atlas 2005（WOA05）, is used to assess the model performance by comparing the spatial patterns of seasonal OHC anomaly（OHCa） climatology, OHC climatology, monthly OHCa climatology, and interannual variability of OHCa. The spatial patterns in Ishii＇s data set show that the seasonal SCS OHCa climatology, both in winter and summer, is strongly affected by the wind stress and the current circulations in the SCS and its neighboring areas. However, the CMIP5 models present rather different spatial patterns and only a few models properly capture the dominant features in Ishii＇s pattern. Among them, GFDL-ESM2 G is of the best performance. The SCS OHC climatology in the upper 300 m varies greatly in different models. Most of them are much greater than those calculated from Ishii＇s data. However, the monthly OHCa climatology in each of the 17 CMIP5 models yields similar variation and magnitude as that in Ishii＇s. As for the interannual variability, the standard deviations of the OHCa time series in most of the models are somewhat larger than those in Ishii＇s. The correlation between the interannual time series of Ishii＇s OHCa and that from each of the 17 models is not satisfactory. Among them, BCC-CSM1.1 has the highest correlation to Ishii＇s, with a coefficient of about 0.6.     

Effects of the normal operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir on wetland inundation in Dongting Lake,China: a modelling study

Abstract

The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is an important driver of the recent hydrological changes in the lowlands of Dongting Lake, China. Nevertheless, there has been no convincing study on the quantitative effects of the TGR regulation on the wetland inundation process. Here, the temporal and spatial patterns of the response of wetland inundation in Dongting Lake to the TGR regulation are addressed in detail using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, which can accurately reproduce the flooding and drying processes. The results show that temporal patterns of wetland inundation are altered by the TGR regulation, especially in the water pre-releasing period (May to early June) and the water storing period (late September to November). Spatially heterogeneous effects are also observed in Dongting Lake. These findings can help us to take measures at an early stage to effectively deal with the possible adverse effects of the normal operation of the TGR on Dongting Lake.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Porporato

Citation Lai, X., Jiang, J., and Huang, Q., 2013. Effects of the normal operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on wetland inundation in Dongting Lake, China: a modelling study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1467–1477.