国际湿地科学研究的主要特点、进展与展望

湿地科学是当前国际众多学科学者共同热切关注的重点学科和前沿领域。根据大量最新国际湿地科学研究文献资料中的信息 ,提出了湿地的科学定义和湿地科学的概念。归纳出国际湿地科学研究发展的主要特点 ,即湿地科学历史久远 ,过去发展缓慢而现代发展迅速 ;目前已成为 2 1世纪科学研究的重点学科和研究领域 ;研究内容增多 ,领域扩大 ;综合性增强 ,分化性加大 ;世界湿地科学发展不平衡 ,发展中国家与发达国家之间的湿地研究水平差距逐步缩小。总结了国际湿地科学研究前沿领域的最新进展和发展趋势 ,主要在湿地保护与管理 ,形成、发育与演化 ,古环境重建 ,生态过程与动态 ,生物多样性保护 ,温室气体排放、温室效应和全球环境变化 ,湿地退化机制、退化湿地恢复与重建和人工湿地构建 ,生态系统健康 ,泥炭地与泥炭开发利用、湿地生态工程模式与管理技术和新技术、新手段与新方法应用方面取得突出进展。     

地幔热柱动力学研究的新进展

由于地幔热柱对我们了解地球动力学和地幔动力学过程具有非常重要的科学意义，因此受到国际地学界的广泛关注，近年来，随着一系列国际研究计划的展开和实施，热柱动力学的研究取得了很大的研究。本文拟合“国际热柱－岩石圈相互作用研讨会”的讨论内容，对热柱领域已取得的进展和存在的问题作一简要的回顾，以期待进我国热柱动力学研究的发展有所埤益。     

国内外热带气旋强度变化研究现状

影响热带气旋强度变化的因子大致可以分为3类:环境气流与热带气旋环流的相互作用,下垫面与热带气旋环流的相互作用,热带气旋本身的内部结构变化。通过查阅近年来国内外相关文献,对热带气旋强度变化的研究进展进行了论述,为热带气旋强度研究提供参考。     

用模式匹配法计算电阻率测井响应研究进展

数值模式匹配法是地球物理电磁场计算中的一种半数值、半解析的高效算法,相对于别的数值算法具有明显的优越性,近年来在电法测井数值模拟中得到了成功应用.本文详细地介绍了数值模式匹配法的原理和模式匹配法在电法测井的发展历程和最新应用情况,系统总结了用模式匹配法计算电阻率测井响应的思路和基本步骤,并展望了其在电法测井三维数值模拟中的应用前景.     

Polar climate system modeling in China: Recent progress and future challenges

The first fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model developed in China was released in the mid-1990s. Since then, significant advances in climate system model developments have been achieved by improving the representations of major physical processes, increasing resolutions, and including an ice-shelf component. There have also been many modeling studies in China on the polar climate system, including weather and sea-ice numerical forecasts to meet the national needs of polar scientific expeditions, assessments of the state-of-the-art coupled model performance, and process-oriented studies. Future model developments and modeling activities will need to address several big scientific questions originating from the polar climate system: i) How will polar ice mass balance evolve and affect global sea level? ii) How can we properly simulate openocean deep convection and quantify its role in driving the lower branch of the global overturning circulation? iii) How are Arctic and Antarctic connected and what caused the contrasting sea ice trends in the two polar regions over the last decades? To address these questions, polar climate system modelers will need to analyze extended observational datasets on a global scale and work together with other polar researchers to develop a more comprehensive and sustainable observation system in the polar regions.     

中国行为地理学研究近期进展

在中国人文地理学人本主义转向的背景下,中国的行为地理学研究进入新一轮学习与借鉴西方行为地理学理论与方法的高潮,并力求构建具有中国特色的行为地理学研究框架,实施全方位的实证研究与规划应用.本文简要评述了西方行为地理学的最新进展,指出中国行为地理学发展需要借鉴多学科视角和先进技术手段,提升研究的学术价值与应用价值.2003...     

Progress in the Energy Closure of Eddy Covariance Systems

The sum of turbulent fluxes measured by the eddy-covariance method is often 10%~30% lower than available energy (i.e., the net radiation minus the ground heat flux). This systematic bias in the EC method is called the "EC energy closure problem" and has been one of the biggest challenges in micrometeorology. In the past decades, lots of studies have focused on this problem and have found extensive knowledge about it. In this paper, we introduced the reasons to the EC energy closure problem and systematically summarized the understandings on this problem with a discussion regarding the merits and limitations of possible correction methods. Compared with previous overview studies, our study focused on the methods and progresses on the EC energy closure problem using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The existing problem, e.g., the lack of high quality and high spatial density of "surface true fluxes" observations (e.g., matric observations), the failure of fully emulating the EC using the LES and how to mechanistically understand that large eddies affect turbulence structures and lead to non-closure problem, hinder the further understanding of the EC energy closure problem. Thus, in the future, focus should be put on the mechanistic understanding of how large eddies affect the non-closure problem and some dense field observations to obtain the high quality "surface true fluxes".     

中国大陆科学钻探工程项目进展综述

阐明了中国大陆科学钻探工程的意义与目标，论述了工程建设的主要内容和项目的组织管理，介绍了项目的进展情况。     

海洋浮游生态系统动力学模式的研究

分析了海洋浮游生态系统动力学模式的结构,讨论了其研究现状。９０年代以来海洋浮游生态系统动力学模式的特点是：状态变量的个数较以前有所增加,从２－４个增加至３－７个生物过程的描述更加细致;注意刻画物理过程的作用,特别是垂直方向上湍流的交换作用;利用或改进原来的模式,研究新问题;模式仍以一维为主,同时三维耦合模式也得取发展和应用;区域仍以北大西洋为主,也出现了研究赤道太平洋、阿拉伯海、东海等海区的工作。