深埋特长隧道的突涌水危险性评价研究

为评价隧道突涌水风险,确保施工安全,本文结合工程实例,利用层次分析法和模糊理论构建了隧道突涌水危险性评价模型,并利用P×C分级法确定隧道突涌水危险性等级。实例检验表明:该模型的权值求解方法具操作简单、准确性高等优点,能有效通过一致性检验,且隶属度求解过程有效综合了定性分析与定量评价,保证了分析结果的准确性;同时,该评价模型可定量评价隧道突涌水的危险性等级,且判别结果与现场实测值的判别结果具较好的一致性,验证了该评价模型的可靠性和准确性,为隧道突涌水危险性评估提供了一种有效途径。      

New Mine Geological Environment Impact Assessment Method

Building an assessment framework and corresponding index system applicable to geological environment impact assessment (GEIM) for new mines contributes to supervision and protection of the geological environment of mines. Taking GEIM of a limestone mine to be built in Chongzhou as a case, this study, by making use of analytic hierarchy process and subsequent transformation from qualitative to quantitative variables, established the quantitative assessment and the zoning assessment system in terms of the following four aspects, namely geological environment of the mine, geological disaster risks, the influence of mining on groundwater environment, and its impact on land and landscape resources. The current study employed multi-objective linear weighting function to form mathematical model and then worked out environmental quality scores and the zonations, which were expected to reflect the characteristics of the geological environment of the mine. Besides, the assessment results were analyzed so as to provide important reference for predictions on possible environmental impact brought by the mine and for comprehensive treatment of the geological environment     

地质图空间数据库建设数据质量控制研究与实践——以1:25万区域地质图空间数据库建设为例

质量控制是地质数据生产和数据库建设的生命线。本文依据《数字地质图空间数据库标准》(DD2006-06),对采用"数字化地质图"和"数字地质图"的数据建设空间数据库的方法流程和质量控制进行了系统分析,提出了两种建立空间数据库的技术流程和质量控制措施。该方法在全国1∶25万区域地质图空间数据库建设中进行了实践应用,很好地规范了空间数据的生产和数据库的建设,保证了质量。实践证明研究提出的空间数据生产和数据库建设技术流程与质量控制措施先进、实用,可操作性强,具有广泛的推广意义。     

辽宁地区震情预测预警层次分析模型研究

根据辽宁及邻区地质构造与区域地震活动特点,在震例研究和预报实践的基础上分别提炼了辽南和辽西—辽蒙交界两个区域的中强震预警判据,构建了基于时间尺度的震情预警指标模型;采用层次分析法对预警模型的各指标进行了无量纲数字化,得出了各指标的相对重要性排序,确定了各指标的具体权重;最后通过判断矩阵及矩阵运算的数学方法得出辽宁地区中强震预测预警等级。     

图们江下游地区湿地生态评价

根据对图们江下游地区典型湿地的实地调查,借鉴国内外湿地生态评价的指标和方法,结合本区的实际情况,选用反映湿地生态保护功能和服务功能的13项指标,运用层次分析法对图们江下游地区湿地进行生态评价。先确定评价指标的权重、序次,再对生态评价因子进行等级化处理,然后为评价因子赋分,计算综合的评价指数(CEI)。评价结果显示,图们江下游地区湿地大部分区域生态环境较好,该湿地的主要功能是生态服务功能;根据综合评价指数CEI,将图们江下游地区湿地的生态质量分化为3个等级,CEI在(0.7,1]之间为生态质量较好的湿地区域,共有5处,依次是图们江流域,龙山水库区域,五道泡南—龙山水库西侧沼泽湿地,圈河流域和五道泡区域;CEI指数在(0.5,0.7]之间为生态质量一般的湿地区域,共有3处,依次是鲁田地区(Ⅺ)、三道泡区域(Ⅲ)、人工水田区(Ⅹ);CEI指数在(0,0.5]之间为生态质量较差的湿地区域,共有3处,依次是头道泡区域(Ⅰ)、四道泡区域(Ⅳ)、二道泡区域(Ⅱ)。     

土壤地球化学测量发展历程与进展

土壤地球化学测量作为一种重要的勘查技术方法,历经近百年的发展历程,自从1932年苏联地质学家费尔斯曼、谢而盖耶夫等开展地球化学找矿尝试以来,其在矿产勘查、生态、环保等领域均取得了丰硕成果和长足发展.本文基于前人研究成果基础之上,通过对土壤地球化学测量发展历程回顾,通过其在多目标领域运用,在有色金属、贵金属、油气矿产、放...     

Preliminary observations on the impact of complex stress histories on sandstone response to salt weathering: laboratory simulations of process combinations

Historic sandstone structures carry an inheritance, or a ‘memory’, of past stresses that the stone has undergone since its placement in a façade. This inheritance, which conditions present day performance, may be made up of long-term exposure to a combination of low magnitude background environmental factors (for example, salt weathering, temperature and moisture cycling) and, superimposed upon these, less frequent but potentially high magnitude events or ‘exceptional’ factors (for example, lime rendering, severe frost events, fire). The impact of complex histories on the decay pathways of historic sandstone is not clearly understood, but this paper seeks to improve that understanding through the use of a laboratory ‘process combination’ study. Blocks of quartz sandstone (Peakmoor, from NW England) were divided into subsets that experienced different histories (lime rendering and removal, fire and freeze–thaw cycles in isolation and combination) that reflected the event timeline of a real medieval sandstone monument in NE Ireland, Bonamargy Friary (McCabe et al. 2006b). These subsets were then subject to salt weathering cycles using a 10% salt solution of NaCl and MgSO₄ that represents the ‘every-day’ stress environment of, for example, sandstone structures in coastal, or polluted urban, location. Block response to salt weathering was monitored by collecting, drying and weighing the debris that was released as blocks were immersed in the salt solution at the beginning of each cycle. The results illustrate the complexity of the stone decay system, showing that seemingly small variations in stress history can produce divergent response to salt weathering cycles. Applied to real-world historic sandstone structures, this concept may help to explain the spatial and temporal variability of sandstone response to background environmental factors on a single façade, and encourage conservators to include the role of stress inheritance when selecting and implementing conservation strategies.     

岩溶塌陷地质灾害的评价方法探讨

利用层次分析法确定了岩溶塌陷地质灾害危险性评价指标的权重,并采用综合指数模型计算了岩溶塌陷地质灾害的危险性指数,通过量化的危险性指数分级,划分了岩溶塌陷的危险性大小,这种方法对今后地质灾害危险性评估中岩溶塌陷的评价具有一定指导意义。     

基于 GIS和 AHP的安康市滑坡地质灾害危险性评估

安康市滑坡崩塌频繁发生,对当地造成了不可估量的损失。以安康市地震小区划为依托,对当地滑坡地质灾害的易发性进行研究。在研究区进行野外踏勘和搜集资料的基础上,借助magis和arcgis平台强大的绘图、分析功能,运用层次分析法对滑坡灾害因子进行加权叠加计算,绘制滑坡灾害危险性区划图。区划结果分为四个等级：无危险区、低危险区、中危险区、高危险区。无危险区、低危险区滑坡灾害易发性较低,为适宜城市规划和项目实施工作地带,中危险区、高危险区则要加以治理以减少滑坡地质灾害对居民生命和财产的威胁。