测绘质量影响因素研究

测绘质量问题是一个受多方面影响因素作用的复杂问题,其中大量的影响因素都难以量化。运用层次分析法（AHP）定量分析各个影响因素的重要度,按影响程度进行排序,可确定影响测绘质量的主要因素。研究发现,质量体系是影响测绘质量的首要因素,生产工期、人员培训、过程控制和技术设计等是影响测绘质量的相对重要因素,建议测绘单位可就此建立...     

Simulating the effect of subseismic fault tails and process zones in a siliciclastic reservoir analogue: Implications for aquifer support and trap definition

Subsurface, intra-reservoir faults have subseismic portions (the fault tail) and process zones that must be considered for a complete evaluation of their role in a reservoir setting. In this paper we show that this subseismic fault domain, generally associated with all seismically mappable faults, may extend several hundred meters beyond the seismically mapped tip point, depending on vertical seismic resolution and fault displacement gradients along strike. We use reservoir modelling and fluid flow simulation of a sandstone reservoir analogue to demonstrate how a low-permeable process zone may generate steep pressure gradients in the reservoir and affect the tortuosity of reservoir fluid flow. Results and examples combined show how small adjustments in fault interpretations in the subseismic domain may significantly affect trap definition, prospect volumes, project economics and selection of exploration well locations. For production settings, we demonstrate how low-permeable fault tails and process zones may increase flow tortuosity and delay water breakthrough, thereby enhancing sweep efficiency and recovery from otherwise bypassed pockets of hydrocarbons in the reservoir. The results also indicate that process zones may contribute to pressure compartmentalization. Finally, a simple methodology for the estimation of subseismic fault continuity is presented.     

An investigation of constraints upon fisheries diversification using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Fishers in the UK face a range of administrative, economic and sociocultural challenges that influence the profitability and ultimate viability of their profession. While some fishers have responded to these challenges by diversifying into complementary activities such as tourism, marketing and retail, little is known of the constraints that deter individuals from adopting this strategy. This paper seeks to address this gap in knowledge by examining the relative importance of different constraints upon fisheries diversification using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A survey of fishers and non-fishing stakeholders in the English Channel fishery revealed that respondents attributed similar levels of importance to the influence of administrative constraints, lack of opportunities, social constraints and economic factors; but considered lack of information to be relatively unimportant. The high level of inconsistency observed throughout the sample highlights a potential limitation of using AHP with research subjects who are unfamiliar with this technique.     

数据工程项目监理机制的理论与实践探讨

数据可以独立于应用系统单独存在 ,即构成一个数据工程。在数据工程建设中引入监理机制是时代的呼唤 ^{[1 ]}。文章首先分析了我国工程中数据工程出现的问题 ,说明了实行数据监理的必要性。然后针对数据项目的特殊性 ,结合工程监理的实践 ,对数据监理的机制、内容、流程等进行了探讨 ,对数据监理的特点、难点及具体操作规范进行了详细分析。     

坚持校审过程控制确保勘察文件质量

工程勘察文件中违反强制性条文情况时有发生,其中勘察文件形成过程中校审控制的不到位是主要的直接原因。论文在分析校审工作量紧迫,审校人员技术局限性以及不合理挂靠行为等影响勘察文件质量的基础上,提出严格规范市场行为、严格贯彻执行ISO9001标准有关规定、强化行政监管,加强执法力度等改进建议。     

层次分析法在炉霍县泥石流易发性评价中的应用

在深入研究炉霍县泥石流灾害的基础上,以实地考察数据为依据,以层次分析法为技术方法,对炉霍县泥石流易发性进行了评价。选取高程、坡度等8个指标作为影响泥石流易发性的评价因子,通过建立系统层次结构,构建判断矩阵,从而求出各因子的权重,建立泥石流危险性评价模型。实践证明,基于层次分析法的泥石流灾害易发性评价是有效和实用的。     

真空铝热还原法制备金属锶工艺研究

采用真空铝热还原法制备了金属锶,金属锶纯度可达98%～99%。通过XRD和XRF分析渣相,其主要成分为SrO.Al2O3。研究了还原温度、保温时间、制团压力、铝粉过量系数、CaF2加入量对锶还原率的影响,获得最佳工艺参数,即真空度0～100 Pa,铝粉过量20%,制团压力20 MPa,还原温度1 200～1 250℃,保温3 h,CaF2加入量3%。在最佳工艺条件下锶还原率可达80%左右。     

Effects of process parameters on the comminution capability of high pressure water jet mill

To improve comminution efficiency, the effects of several process parameters on the comminution capability of high pressure water jet mill were investigated. Fractal dimension of particle size distribution, as an index of water jet mill comminution capability, was used for describing the fineness of the comminution product. Nine process parameters including the pump pressure, the mixing tube length and diameter, the coal particle mass flow rate, the diameter of feed material particle, the standoff distance, loading times, hardness of the target and the impact angle were investigated individually. The results obtained from this study provide deeper insight into the high pressure water jet comminution technology and a basis for process parameters optimization. We also show that the fractal dimension of particle size distribution can be used to monitor the comminution capability and estimate the degree of particle comminution.     

基于地学信息图谱的土地利用动态变化研究——以山东省龙口市为例

阐述了地学信息图谱的内涵及其概念模式.选择山东省龙口市为例,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,利用2002年数字遥感图像和1996年土地利用图及其自然和社会经济统计数据,建立了龙口市土地利用动态变化信息图谱,并根据图谱从空间和时间两方面分析龙口市土地利用动态演变过程,最后结合马尔科夫模型对其未来的演变趋势进行动态预测.研究表明:自1996年以来,龙口市土地利用发生了大幅度变化,耕地面积减少5 383.48 hm2,园地和建设用地面积各增加33 729.62 hm2和2319.91 hm2;同时土地利用结构发生明显变化,主要表现在耕地和园地之间的转化,耕地和园地向建设用地的转化.预测表明:在未来的几十年内,耕地面积仍将继续减少,建设用地面积还会逐年增加,园地仍为该市的主要用地类型.     

Origin of abnormal substances discharged from Baozhusi Dam Base, Sichuan, China

Baozhusi reservoir is a large-scale hydropower engineering project in Sichuan Province, China. After drainage wells were drilled in the dam base, white flocculent and black gel substances, accompanied by a rotten-egg odor, were found in some of the drainage water wells. On the basis of a brief introduction of the geological setting in Baozhusi Dam area, the origin of the abnormal substances were analyzed and discussed through the following procedures: (1) the abnormal substances were sampled and their chemical and mineral compositions were analyzed; (2) the origin of drainage waters were determined using the isotope method and well flux measurement results; (3) characteristics of chemical composition of drainage waters were discussed relative to other kinds of waters in the area; (4) process of formation of the abnormal substances were determined using hydrogeochemical methods; (5) laboratory immersion experiment was carried out to verify the conclusions. Results showed that the abnormal substances were formed by interactions between recharging water from the reservoir and dam base rock as well as dam building materials. Among these, the precipitation of calcite and dolomite, the dissolution of calcium hydroxide and anhydrite as well as the reduction of SO₄^–2 to H₂S by organic matter are the most important processes.