机械加工工序质量微机控制系统的开发

采用通用编程语言ＴＲＵＥＢＡＳＩＣ开发的机械加工工序质量微机控制系统，具有结构化模块化的设计特点。实际应用结果表明：本系统操作方便，工作界面良好，人机交互融洽，观察窗口调用灵活，系统全局控制简便，能迅速显示加工误差的分布与变化规律，具有预测和控制工艺过程的能力。为寻求提高加工精度的措施提供了理论依据．     

中国石油资源安全评价

通过分析石油安全的影响因素, 分短期和长期分别建立了石油安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析法评估了中国不同阶段的石油安全, 其结果表明: 石油市场(短期)安全随着价格变化而不断波动; 石油战略(长期)安全随着我国石油消费量的不断上升, 石油安全状况呈现下降趋势。     

Progress on Process and Mechanism of Sand and Dust Emission on Gobi

Gobi is one of the most important landscapes in northwest China, and it is also one of the dust sources in north China and even in central Asia. Based on the different land surface characteristics on the gobi surface, sand and dust emission process and mechanism are obviously different with other landscapes, such as sandy desert. Dust emission process and mechanism on the gobi surface were analyzed in this paper. Wind power system, geomorphology pattern and underlying characteristics were considered for their effect on the sand and dust emission process. Then, the mechanism of land surface characteristics on threshold wind velocity was analyzed. Finally, based on the previous studies on dust emission and mechanism, and in combination with the regional and global requirement, we suggested that the land surface characteristics parameterization, identification of the dust sources and sediment emission mechanism should be the main issues in the future gobi sand and dust research.     

贵州省耕地质量地球化学调查分析样品测试方法与质量控制——以遵义市、毕节市为例

黔北桐梓红花园剖面是华南扬子台地经典的奥陶系剖面之一,其中的湄潭组下部泥页岩段产出大量的腕足类化石。在前人研究的基础上,形态分析显示：红花园剖面湄潭组下部的腕足类化石共有27属,其中以正形贝类Sinorthis的丰度最高,为湄潭组下段腕足动物中的优势类型。此外,Paralenorthis,Desmorthis,Xinanorthis等也比较常见,同为早奥陶世扬子台地近岸浅水环境下Sinorthis动物群的共生腕足分子。通过与黔中乌当地区湄潭组下段的腕足动物组合进行多样性比较,结果显示：桐梓红花园剖面的腕足动物,无论是化石丰度还是形态分异度,都明显高于贵阳乌当地区。两地之间湄潭组沉积环境的差异和研究程度的不同可能是腕足动物化石面貌不一样的主要原因。红花园剖面湄潭组下部腕足动物的多样性迅速增加,为研究华南早奥陶世腕足动物演化史上首次辐射事件提供了新的证据,也为探讨该地质时期黔中古陆南、北缘近岸环境下腕足动物的地理区系划分提供了重要信息。     

基于GIS的重庆万州区滑坡灾害危险性评价

在充分调查万州区地质环境及滑坡灾害基本特征的基础上,根据资料的有效性和可获得性,选取地表高程、坡度、地层岩性、地质构造、土地利用类型、区域交通建设及河流侵蚀冲刷7个影响滑坡发生的因素作为评价指标,采用AHP法确定各个指标权重并建立滑坡灾害危险性指数模型,通过GIS系统的空间分析功能进行栅格运算,得出研究区滑坡灾害危险性分区。采用上述指标和方法将重庆市万州区的滑坡灾害划分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和极低危险区,划分结果符合该区滑坡灾害的实际情况。     

城市CBD功能成熟度评价指标体系的构建——以杭州钱江新城CBD为例

本文基于"如何衡量CBD的功能发育程度"这一极具现实意义的问题,通过以杭州钱江新城CBD为例,结合国内外CBD研究中的理论及实践经验,采用德尔菲法归纳出总体规模、功能协调、功能集聚和功能辐射四大类指标,并进一步从可操作性的角度进行了细分,最终形成1项目标层(A层)、4项准则层(B层)和18项基础指标层(C层)的一整套较为完善的CBD功能成熟度指标体系。文中采用层次分析法,通过对32位相关专家学者的问卷调查,确定了各项基础指标的权重,并通过了一致性检验。结果表明,就准则层指标而言,显然CBD的功能集聚程度B3(0.4085)和功能辐射程度B4(0.3392),更能凸显CBD作为城市区域经济的核心地位。而且,各基础指标层内部也存在着显著的差异。     

坚持校审过程控制确保勘察文件质量

工程勘察文件中违反强制性条文情况时有发生,其中勘察文件形成过程中校审控制的不到位是主要的直接原因。论文在分析校审工作量紧迫,审校人员技术局限性以及不合理挂靠行为等影响勘察文件质量的基础上,提出严格规范市场行为、严格贯彻执行ISO9001标准有关规定、强化行政监管,加强执法力度等改进建议。     

真空铝热还原法制备金属锶工艺研究

采用真空铝热还原法制备了金属锶,金属锶纯度可达98%～99%。通过XRD和XRF分析渣相,其主要成分为SrO.Al2O3。研究了还原温度、保温时间、制团压力、铝粉过量系数、CaF2加入量对锶还原率的影响,获得最佳工艺参数,即真空度0～100 Pa,铝粉过量20%,制团压力20 MPa,还原温度1 200～1 250℃,保温3 h,CaF2加入量3%。在最佳工艺条件下锶还原率可达80%左右。     

层次分析法在炉霍县泥石流易发性评价中的应用

在深入研究炉霍县泥石流灾害的基础上,以实地考察数据为依据,以层次分析法为技术方法,对炉霍县泥石流易发性进行了评价。选取高程、坡度等8个指标作为影响泥石流易发性的评价因子,通过建立系统层次结构,构建判断矩阵,从而求出各因子的权重,建立泥石流危险性评价模型。实践证明,基于层次分析法的泥石流灾害易发性评价是有效和实用的。     

Probabilistic assessment of one‐step‐ahead rainfall variation by Split Markov Process

In this paper, Split Markov Process (SMP) is developed to assess one‐step‐ahead variation of daily rainfall at a rain gauge station. SMP is an advancement of general Markov Process and specially developed for probabilistic assessment of change in daily rainfall magnitude. The approach is based on a first‐order Markov chain to simulate daily rainfall variation at a point through state/sub‐state transitional probability matrix (TPM). The state/sub‐state TPM is based on the historical transitions from a particular state to a particular sub‐state, which is the basic difference between SMP and general Markov Process. The cumulative state/sub‐state TPM is represented in a contour plot at different probability levels. The developed cumulative state/sub‐state TPM is used to assess the possible range of rainfall in next time step, in a probabilistic sense. Application of SMP is investigated for daily rainfall at four rain gauge stations – Khandwa, Jabalpur, Sambalpur, and Puri, located at various parts in India. There are 99 years of record available out of which approximately 80% of data are used for calibration, and 20% of data are used to assess the performance. Thus, 80 years of daily monsoon rainfall is used to develop the state/sub‐state TPM, and 19 years data are used to investigate its performance. Model performance is assessed in terms of hit rate (HR), false alarm rate (FAR), and percentage captured. It is found that percentage captured is maximum for Khandwa (70%) and minimum for Sambalpur (44%) whereas hit rate is maximum for Sambalpur and minimum for Khandwa (73%). FAR is around 30% or below for Jabalpur, Sambalpur, and Puri. FAR is maximum for Khandwa (37%). Overall, the assessed range, particularly the upper limit, provides a quantification possible extreme value in the next time step, which is a very useful information to tackle the extreme events, such as flooding, water logging and so on. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.