What makes territory important: tangible and intangible dimensions

Conflicts over territory have resulted in innumerable wars and other violent incidents, but the reasons that some territory is more highly valued or volatile than other areas may not be obvious. This paper demonstrates a taxonomy for analyzing international territorial disputes that seeks to capture their tangible and symbolic dimensions and to weigh them as the international community might. Twenty-six territorial disputes, including offshore areas and separatist issues, were examined and scored according to 15 criteria for objective prominence and 7 criteria related to how a country might view the dispute in terms of its national interest. The taxonomy used Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process to identify tangible and intangible properties, measure their interrelations, and produce intermediate and overall ranks. Each dispute was evaluated for prominence by examining intensifying (symbolic) factors, measures of magnitude, and characteristics that retard resolution. The magnitude of a dispute was judged to contribute the most to overall prominence, having twice the weight of the other two factors. The top five disputes in terms of prominence were the Kurdish issue, Kashmir, Tibet, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Xinjiang. The second hierarchy evaluated the disputes from the perspective of an international actor, in this case the United States. When judged by U.S. national interest, the most important factors were the deployment of U.S. forces in the claimant countries and if one of the claimants were a U.S. ally. Finally, the results from the two hierarchies were compared.     

9406号台风登陆造成华南及长江中游暴雨过程的数值模拟试验

本文应用有限区域数值预报模式，并根据不同的积云参数化方案对１９９４年第６号台风登陆后低压的移动规律及其对应降水分布进行了数值模拟试验，结果表明积云对流参数化对于台风移动及其降水分布影响极大，是作出台风暴雨预报的关键过程。     

一次飑线天气过程分析

从天气形势、物理量场、垂直风切变、气象台自记记录等方面分析了2005年5月6日02时左右（北京时，下同）发生在深圳市的一次强对流天气的形成机制，发现该过程是一次明显的飑线天气过程，其触发机制为：地面弱冷锋、低空急流、垂直风切变共同作用的结果。     

Methodology for the Process Based Acquisition and Assessment of Non-Intended Outputs in the Mining Industry

For the activities of the mining industry land, equipment, material, and energy are used. During operation material and energy flows such as overburden, dead rock, tailings, wastewater, exhaust air, dust, energy, abrasion, coolant and lubricant losses, are released. These released material and energy flows are nearly always without value for the raw material supply chain as they are not production targets. Instead, they have negative effects on the economy and ecology and are, therefore, referred to as ‘non-intended’. The knowledge of the quantities and qualities of these non-intended outputs as a function of the processes and their parameters is the basis for technical and economical measures. A methodology for the acquisition and assessment of the material and energy flows in the mining industry was developed and tested at the Technical University Berlin, Germany. For that purpose and based on a system analysis in different mines, all relevant material and energy flows were assigned to individual processes. Causal relationships, possible interactions, quantities, and qualities were examined as functions of system parameters. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation was performed.     

卫星数据高性能精校正处理研究

 在分析现行精校正流程的基础上，对卫星数据地面预处理系统中的精校正处理采取“功能模块化、交互控制自动化、大运算量操作并行化和交换文件标准化”等措施提高其性能，使得大批量的精校正处理成为可能，同时也为大批量的遥感图像处理提供了一种解决方案。     

层次分析法在地灾隐患应急避险场所适宜性评价中的应用

地质灾害应急避险场所不仅在灾中或灾后能为灾民提供一个临时安置或生存场所,而且更是社会整合其有限资源开展防灾减灾工作的平台。本文结合北京市地质灾害应急避险现状及特征,从地质灾害应急避险场所安全性、可达性及有效性3方面,对传统的AHP方法进行优化的基础上,提出了采用层次分析法,进行避险场所适宜性评价的方法。     

汶川“5•12”地震前后十年生态环境变化分析

“5?12”汶川大地震使震中汶川的生态环境发生了巨大变化,基于地震前后多年的遥感影像数据和气象站点数据,将生态环境影响因子分为地形因素（高程、坡度、坡向）、自然因素（植被覆盖度、土壤湿度指数）和气象因素（年降水量、年平均气温）3大类。采用综合评价指数法,即加权综合评分法中的层次分析法（AHP）计算出评价因子的影响权重。利用评价因子分级和权重计算生态环境综合指数,对生态环境综合指数进行分级,综合比较研究区生态环境变化,总结汶川地震前后10年的生态环境变化情况。结果表明,研究区的生态环境受地震影响,经历了破坏、修复和超过震前水平的过程,人类活动对生态环境变化有着重要影响     

Biologische Aufbereitung eines BTEX-belasteten Grundwassers in einem Festbettreaktor

Biological Treatment of a BTEX-contaminated Groundwater in a Fixed-bed Reactor Conditions for the on-site operation of a fixed-bed bioreactor for remediation of contaminated groundwater were simulated and optimized in the laboratory. Two carrier materials, polypropylene rings and porous clay beads were compared. Laboratory experiments revealed that the originally planned aeration rate of 100 m³ h^–1 for the on-site-reactor (working volume 10.6 m³) had to be reduced to less than 0.7 m³ h^–1 to avoid complete stripping of BTEX-compounds and to allow biofilm formation on the carrier material. The high ground water flow rate of 5 m³ per square meter of reactor surface area and hour did not prevent biofilm formation. With a bubble-free aeration system in the fixed-bed reactor with clay beads that contained an active biofilm on the surface, 97% of benzene and 99% of the total BTEX-compounds were eliminated by respiration within one hour residence time. In the reactor with polypropylene rings, only 94% of the benzene and 83% of the total BTEX-compounds were degraded under similar conditions. Thus, for BTEX-elimination clay beads performed better in the fixed-bed reactor than the polypropylene rings.     

地理信息系统工程局部原型开发模式探讨

目前地理信息系统(GIS)工程已经进入产业化阶段,GIS软件的质量和工程化管理被提到新的高度。该文提出的GIS工程局部原型开发模式在一定程度上将基于瀑布模型、原型法和RUP原则的开发模式,以及轻载、重载管理过程的优点等进行整合,有助于改善GIS软件开发质量和推动GIS工程的产业化。     

胶州湾营养盐环境容量计算

根据营养盐在多介质海洋环境，包括海水、浮游植物、浮游动物、悬浮颗粒和沉积物中分布动力学模型建立了胶州湾溶解无机氮（DIN）和磷酸盐（PO4-P）自净容量、环境容量和剩余环境容量的计算方法。结果表明，胶州湾营养盐自净容量夏季最大，冬季最小，春秋居中，这主要是海洋中物理、化学和生物自净过程共同作用的结果。胶州湾DIN剩余环境容量和PO4-P剩余环境容量在20世纪70年代末至80年代中期变化较小，相对一级海水水质标准下的环境容量还具有约60％的容纳能力。但自80年代中后期至90年代中后期，营养盐剩余环境容量迅速减小，其中至1997年DIN剩余环境容量已超过1级海水水质标准下环境容量的70％，而自90年代末开始DIN剩余环境容量又有所增加，而PO4-P剩余环境容量减小速度趋缓。胶州湾营养盐环境容量计算不仅可以深入了解海洋各种自净过程对特定海域容纳营养盐能力的作用，而且更为重要的是可以为排海营养盐总量控制方案的制定提供直接、科学和实用的理论基础和技术支撑。