如皋一次罕见的飑线天气过程

针对2008年7月15日下午在如皋境内生成和发展的飑线天气过程,利用常规和非常规气象资料,对其进行精细化剖析,结果发现:(1)强对流天气发生在副高东退、西风槽跟进的形势背景下,有从渤海低压穿过的冷锋为影响系统,如皋上空是对流性不稳定的大气层结,还有如皋地面中尺度天气系统的抬升力和激烈的热对流抬举力合二为一的共同触发,促使储有大量潜能的暖湿空气在如皋境内发生、发展成飑线。(2)如皋境内的中尺度系统是由苏中地区地表性质、地理环境水平分布差异大,所产生的气温水平分布不均而引起的,尤其是如皋境内高沙土地区的土质分布情况更为特殊。(3)雷暴云和飑线的产生、发展的位置与中尺度系统位置近似重合,飑线上强雷暴云的移动方向与7 km以下高空风主导风向一致。     

南水北调中线水源区安康段水质模糊综合评价

对水质进行合理的评价有助于对水资源进行有效的管理和调控。针对汉江安康段8个监测段断面的监测数据,运用模糊综合评判的方法对水质进行评价,采用隶属函数确定评价因子的隶属度以及改进的层次分析法（IAHP）对评价因子的权重进行确定,克服了传统层次分析法中权值计算和一致性检验的检验的复杂性,结果符合实际情况。     

基于AHP的DRASTIC模型对莱州地区地下水脆弱性研究

地下水脆弱性评价是作为地质环境评价的一部分,目前国内外已有众多研究,并提出多种评价模型,其中以DRASTIC方法模型使用最为广泛。AHP（层次分析法）是一种层次权重决策分析方法,综合专家经验与理论数据,可以实现定性与定量二者有效的统一结合,更真实客观的反映研究区评价结果。文中以莱州地区为研究区,在全面调查区内的地质条件、水文地质条件、地形地貌、气象等实际情况的基础上,利用AHP法对目前使用的DRASTIC方法模型进行改进。对原模型中的7个参数进行权重重新取值,然后建立一套符合研究区的地下水脆弱性模型,并进行评价分区,最终绘制了地下水脆弱性分区图。     

氢氧化镁煅烧工艺和原料配比对氯氧镁水泥抗压强度的影响

以电石渣和MgCl_2制备的Mg(OH)_2为原料,制备氯氧镁水泥(MOC)用活性MgO,通过正交实验的方法观察煅烧温度、保温时间、活性MgO与MgCl_2摩尔比、H_2O与MgCl_2摩尔比对MOC试件抗压强度的影响。以3d、7d、28dMOC试件的抗压强度为评价指标,综合各因素对抗压强度的影响趋势发现:随煅烧温度及活性MgO与MgCl_2摩尔比的增加,MOC试件抗压强度呈增加趋势;保温时间大于30 min时,MOC试件的抗压强度随保温时间增加而降低;随H_2O与MgCl_2摩尔比的增大,试件的抗压强度逐渐减小。且不同龄期内,H_2O与MgCl_2摩尔比对试件抗压强度影响最为显著。当煅烧温度为600℃,保温时间为30 min,MgO与MgCl_2摩尔比为8,H_2O与MgCl_2摩尔比为13时,试件的抗压强度最佳。     

A MULTIBLOCK PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES ALGORITHM FOR INVESTIGATING COMPLEX CHEMICAL SYSTEMS

The details of a general multiblock partial least squares(PLS)algorithm based on one originallypresented by Wold et al.have been developed and are completely presented.The algorithm can handlemost types of relationships between the blocks and constitutes a significant advancement in the modelingof complex chemical systems.The algorithm has been programmed in FORTRAN and has been testedon two simulated multiblock problems,a three-block and a five-block problem.The algorithm combinesthe score vectors for all blocks predicting a particular block into a new block.This new block is used topredict the predicted block in a manner analogous to the two-block PLS.In a similar manner if one blockpredicts more than one other block,the score vectors of all predicted blocks are combined to form a newblock,which is then predicted by the predictor block as in the two-block PLS.Blocks that both predictand are predicted are treated in such a way that both of these roles can be taken into account whencalculating interblock relationships.The results of numerical simulations indicate that the computerprogram is operating properly and that the multiblock PLS produces meaningful and consistent results.     

The application of an expert knowledge‐driven approach for assessing gully erosion susceptibility in the subtropical Nigerian savannah

This study assessed gully erosion susceptibility in Southern Gombe State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: (1) prepare gully inventory of Southern Gombe State, (2) apply the Analytical Hierarchy Process to assess the contribution of gully erosion predisposing factors, and (3) produce a gully erosion susceptibility map of Southern Gombe State. Based on geomorphological study involving interpretation of Google Earth images and field surveys, 127 gullies were identified and 13 gully erosion predisposing factors assumed to influence gully erosion susceptibility were selected. Identified gullies were randomly split into training (89 or 70 per cent) and validation (38 or 30 per cent) datasets. The contribution of each gully erosion predisposing factor was obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that slope (0.130), stream density (0.121), and distance from stream (0.121) play crucial roles in gully erosion susceptibility. By overlaying the gully erosion susceptibility factor maps, a gully erosion susceptibility map was created. A natural break method was then used to classify gully erosion areas into relatively safe (6.04 km²), less susceptible (3332.46 km²), moderately susceptible (1811.49 km²), highly susceptible (1146.35 km²), and extremely susceptible (1726.77 km²) categories. Field verification confirmed that the map accurately classified 92.11 per cent of the validation datasets, signifying the Analytical Hierarchy Process as a reliable method for gully erosion susceptibility assessment. The created gully erosion susceptibility map can assist land planners to identify critical gully erosion areas where prevention and mitigation actions should be implemented.     

Interaction in the artistic knowledge creation process: The case of artists in Finnish Lapland

This paper contributes to the need in economic geography to understand temporal interactions and sources of new knowledge in such interactions in the knowledge creation process. The focus is on eleven international artists who live in peripheral locations in Finnish Lapland, where spatial and temporal disconnections easily evolve. The paper considers the meaning of such disconnections, as well as human–object interaction. The processes are analysed through the spatio-temporal framework of object, communicative and cognitive spaces, and linear and relational times.The empirical research into knowledge creation in economic geography lacks views of peripheries, artistic knowledge and the consideration of the process in the ‘here and now’. These views are needed to meet the challenge of understanding knowledge creation processes in various fields and contexts. The main materials of this ethnographic case study – interviews, observation and videotaping of the artists working – are analysed using content analysis.The results show the central position of objects in interactions of artistic knowledge creation. The two main modes of temporal interactions are (re)searching and (dis)connecting. In the early stages, continuous and wide (re)searching includes returning in time that addresses the framework for developing artwork. The artists living in peripheries benefit from disconnections based on geographical isolation. The moments of (dis)connections between the field and artist, object-cognitive spaces and dimensions of time are sources of new knowledge. Some connections might prevent knowledge creation. Therefore, objects, temporality and the cognitive space of interpreted messages are important to acknowledge when studying interactive knowledge creation.     

Electrodialytic Defluoridation of Brackish Water: Effect of Process Parameters and Water Characteristics

The aim of this work is to study the removal of fluoride from brackish polluted water using electrodialysis. The influence of several parameters such as flow rate, initial feed concentration, co‐existing ions, and initial pH on process efficiency were studied. This efficiency is evaluated by the removal rate, demineralization rate, and power consumption. The defluoridation process showed to be independent of pH of feed solution. Although the remained studied parameters plays a significant role on the defluoridation efficiency and mainly on the specific power consumption. The defluoridation of a contaminated real water sample was investigated so as to improve the efficiency of the process. The fluoride concentration could be reduced from 2.9 to 0.4 mg L⁻¹ which was lower than World Health Organization (WHO) standard (1.5 mg L⁻¹). Moreover the concentrations of different species in the obtained treated water are below the amounts recommended by WHO for drinking water.     

北京市门头沟区地质灾害危险性评价研究

北京市门头沟区境内98.5%为山区,地形地质条件复杂,地质灾害较发育,截至2014年3月,在门头沟区调查确定的地质灾害隐患点共644处。采用层次分析综合指数法,对门头沟区地质灾害易发性进行综合评价,划分了地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区、不易发区4个等级。