不同物质(土质、岩质)的岩石滑坡体高密度电法异常特征区别

应用物探方法对滑坡进行勘查,已成为一种经济、快捷、有效的手段,文章首先从认识两类典型滑坡(Ⅰ类—土质滑坡、Ⅱ—类岩质滑坡)的滑坡结构开始,从物性差异角度分析了滑体、滑面和滑床的电性特征,说明了物探方法在滑坡勘查中的有效性;通过在某已知滑坡地质体上采用高密度电法不同装置、不同极距进行测试,得出滑坡勘查中电性响应特征的一般规律,总结了高密度电法在滑坡勘查中的技术要点和“滑面”解释原则;最后对贵州地区典型的2处滑坡(土质、岩质滑坡)勘查成果进行实例分析,结果显示:两类物质(土质、岩质)的岩石滑坡地质体电性响应特征具有相同规律,均有明显的三层电性结构层(高-低-高阻)分别对应滑体、滑面、滑床,但土质滑坡地质体的软弱夹层反映在电性剖面特征上的“体积效应”更显著。     

Analytical Study on Wave Diffraction from a Vertical Circular Cylinder in Front of Orthogonal Vertical Walls

In this paper, the principle of mirror image is used to transform the problem of wave diffraction from a circular cylinder in front of orthogonal vertical walls into the problem of diffraction of four symmetric incident waves from four symmetrically arranged circular cylinders, and then the eigenfunction expansion of velocity potential and Grafs addition theorem are used to give the analytical solution to the wave diffraction problem. The relation of the total wave force on cylinder to the distance between the cylinder and orthogonal vertical walls and the incidence angle of wave is also studied by numerical computation.     

广州城市旅游竞争力研究及其发展战略

随着经济的发展和产业升级的不断推进,旅游业作为第三产业的重要组成部分受到高度重视,国际旅游市场竞争也日益激烈。基于国际旅游竞争力理论,选取18项旅游竞争力评价指标,采用主成分分析法对我国15个大城市进行了旅游竞争力计算与排序,并将广州与各主要城市进行对比分析。结果表明,在城市旅游综合竞争力方面,广州仅次于北京、上海位于第3位,广州在旅游市场、设施、企业等方面有竞争优势,但在旅游文化、城市环境质量、旅游意识等方面存在明湿差距。据此从营销导向、产品升级、品牌带动、持续发展和区域联动等5个方面对广州旅游发展战略选择进行了详细探讨。     

The mid- to late Holocene paleoceanographic changes in the northern North Atlantic

A high-resolution diatom record from core MD99-2275 shows a general paleoceanographic change in the northern North Atlantic since 5000 cal. a B.P. by Principle Component Analysis. Sea surface temperature (SST) increased gradually during 5000 and 3000 cal. a B.P. on the North Icelandic shelf as a result of increasing influence of warm Atlantic water mass from the Irminger Current. It apparently started to decrease since 3000 cal. a B.P. due to the weakening influence of warm water and enhanced influence of the Polar and Arctic water masses from the East Greenland Current and the East Icelandic Current. Abrupt decreases in SST and intrusions of Polar and Arctic water superimposed on the late Holocene cooling trend during 3000-2600, 1300-1000 and 600-200 cal. a B.P.. The paleoceanographic record revealed from core MD99-2275 corresponds well with δ¹⁸O record from the GISP2 and is generally consistent with other SST records based on diatom on the North Icelandic shelf. __________ Translated from Marine Science Bulletin, 2008, 27(5) [译自:海洋通报]     

Evaluating cut slope failure by numerical analysis—a case study

Slope failure is very common phenomenon in hilly regions, especially in young techno active mountainous like Himalayas. It is hazardous because of the accompanying progressive movement of the slope-forming material. In order to minimize the landslide effects, slope failure analysis and stabilization requires in depth understanding of the process that governs the behavior of the slope. The present article mainly deals with the analysis of the stability of road cut slopes of Rudraprayag Area, Uttarakhand, India. The area experiences local as well as regional slides every year. Extensive field study was carried out along the road cut slopes. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the various Physio-mechanical properties of rock mass. These properties have been used as input parameters for the numerical simulation of slope using FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) including geological discontinuities. The computed deformations and the stress distribution along the failure surface are compared with the field observations. The study indicates that the overall slope is unstable except at the location E where slope is critically stable. The effects of instability have been thoroughly considered and remedial measures have been recommended.     

抗震设防与工程地震的关系及若干原则方法问题

本文回顾了中国东南沿海滨海地带几例历史大地震造成的巨大灾害;讨论了由定数法所确定的地震烈度折算成抗震设计参数的关系,以及由概率法取得的地震动参数直接作为抗震设防依据的重要性;简述了地震小区划方法;指出开展滨岸地带港口城市,开发区和重大工程场地的地震小区划工作对减轻地震灾害的深远意义。     

A feasibility assessment of the application of the Polluter-Pays Principle to ship-source pollution in Hong Kong

This article aims to assess the feasibility of applying the Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP) to its fullest measure in counteracting ship-source pollution in Hong Kong (HK). Ship-source pollution is of chief concern for HK׳s marine environmental protection. A comprehensive legal and policy framework has already been established to control and remedy ship-source pollution; nevertheless, the costs of implementing measures under this framework are largely undertaken by the government or through the public avenue, leading to an inconsistency with PPP, which is a principle rooted in HK environmental policy. Through an intensive literature review and questionnaire survey, the results of this study have revealed that the adequacy and/or effectiveness of the existing legal and policy framework for controlling and remedying ship-source pollution are questionable. In addition, despite varied understandings of PPP, the industry also supports the adoption of innovative legal and policy measures to apply PPP to its fullest measure in order to better control and remedy ship-source pollution. These findings provide useful evidence, and enable meaningful reflection on the existing legal and policy framework covering ship-source pollution.     

"地震可预测性国际合作研究"——1.0阶段工作理念及成果

20世纪90年代由世界多个国家的地震学家围绕“地震可否预测”问题进行国际讨论后, 人们开始思考适用于地震预测研究的规则应该有哪些, 尤其是地震学家针对地震预测研究中所采取的途径和工作思路开始发生了变化。 2007年开始的“区域地震似然模型”(Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models, RELM)工作组和由此进一步而来的“地震可预测性国际合作研究”(Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability, CSEP)计划开始之后, 一大批地震预测模型和与评估其预测效能有关的统计检验方法加入进来, 在设立相同的预测规则和使用统一的数据来源下, 通过全球设立不同测试中心的方式, 共同参与到对地震可预测性问题的系统研究中来。 当前, CSEP计划已由开始的1.0阶段发展至2.0阶段, 为使读者了解与这几项国际合作研究相关的工作主旨和发展历程, 本文总结了与CSEP工作1.0阶段相关的工作理念和工作成果以及存在的问题, 以期为下一步工作的开展提供参考。     

MORPHOLOGIC EQUATIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY

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抗差泛岭估计

本文应用现代估差估计理论,提出了一个抗差有偏估计类（抗差泛岭估计类）并且建立了抗差泛岭估计的计算方法。理论分析和模拟计算表明,抗差泛岭估计具有既可克服法矩阵病态性影响又可抵抗粗差干扰的良好性质。