基于主成分分析及BP神经网络分析的地震人员伤亡预测模型研究

影响地震人员伤亡的因素众多,且彼此之间存在着复杂的交互作用。本文在综合考虑各种因素后选取地震发生时刻、人口密度、地震预报与否、建筑物破坏率、设防水准、震级、烈度等因素作为评价指标,首先运用主成分分析算出其主成分,然后运用神经网络分析方法建立预测模型。实例验证预测效果良好。     

Principal component analysis (PCA) and mineral associations of litoraneous facies of continental shelf carbonates from northeastern Brazil

The distribution of mineral phases according to the provenance of carbonate and terrigenous facies of carbonate sediments from a large area of the continental shelf of northeast Brazil was investigated using a major element multivariate analysis approach. Heavy minerals such as ilmenite are restricted to the litoraneous facies of the continental shelf of the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, and clay minerals are found in distal facies of the continental shelf of the State of Ceará. In the carbonate fraction, composed essentially by Mg-calcite and aragonite, there is co-variation between CaO/MgO and bathimetry in part of the studied continental shelf from depths between 15 and 20 m, apparently due to influence of the seawater temperature, degree of oxygenation and luminosity. The terrigenous facies are mainly composed of quartz, clay minerals, K-feldspars and micro-micaceous minerals, having Fe and Ti oxide and hydroxide minerals as major accessory phases. Major element behavior attests to the presence of arenaceous quartz-rich relict sediments in the 35, 60 and 80 m isobaths of the continental shelf of the state of Ceará which is here interpreted as a proxy of ancient coast lines during the Flandrian transgression.     

中国煤炭城市经济竞争力提升研究

本文在界定城市经济竞争力概念的基础上,通过构建煤炭城市经济竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析方法对我国27个典型煤炭城市进行城市经济竞争力的评价研究．最终将这些典型煤炭城市的经济竞争力划为4类。分析发现,大多数典型煤炭城市的经济竞争力综合评价值偏低,同时,煤炭城市之间的经济竞争力差异明显。在分析的基础上,根据当前煤炭城市经济发展的实际状况．提出了提升我国煤炭城市经济竞争力的相关对策。     

高光谱反演水稻叶面积指数的主成分分析法

为了通过水稻冠层反射光谱来提取水稻叶面积指数信息，尝试利用辐射传输模型PROSPECT+SAIL来模拟水稻冠层反射光谱， 比较了各植被指数中叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素浓度的相关性。在观察光谱曲线后发现，红边位置光谱可以较好地区分LAI和叶绿素 浓度二者引起光谱变化的差异。由此提出对700 nm~750 nm区间内的反射光谱做主成分变换，并利用第2主成分与LAI建立反演模型( 即主成分分析法)，取得了较好效果，表明在植被指数趋近于饱和以至于无法区分二者相关性时，主成分分析法可以作为一种简单 而有效提取水稻叶面积指数信息的补充手段。     

荒漠植物枝系构型影响因素分析

荒漠植物的枝系构型的影响因素包括各级分枝角度、各级分枝长度、枝径比、逐步分枝率和总体分枝率、树冠分维数、分枝分维数和计盒维数等17个指标。采用主成分分析（PCA）方法对50种典型荒漠植物的17个构型指标进行分析,结果表明：第一主成分的贡献率十分高,达到77.0％,其中2级分枝长度和3级分枝长度是影响枝系构件的主要因素;第二主成分的贡献率只有11.3％,主要综合了3级分枝角度、2级分枝角度和1级分枝角度三个因素。对枝系构型因素进行PCA排序可将其划分为三类：第一类包括各级分枝长度;第二类包括逐步分枝率和分形维数;第三类包括各级分枝角度和枝径比等。通过第一和第二主成分分析体现了荒漠植物的两种不同的生态适应机制,即在分枝长度上和分形维数上,趋于增加和减小两种趋势,但在分枝角度方面,都有趋于增大的趋向。     

区域城市化水平的物元可拓综合评判——以福建省为例

在建立区域城市化水平评价指标体系的基础上,运用物元可拓方法和主成分分析方法,以福建省23个主要城市为研究地域单元,建立了福建省区域城市化水平综合评判模型.模型的输出结果表明,福建省区域城市化水平总体偏低,各地区在发展水平上出现明显分层;模型的综合关联度将福建省区域城市化水平划分成4个等级,分项指标关联度则揭示了各地区城市化发展的薄弱环节.研究结果较为客观地反映了福建省城市化的实际状况,为区域城市化水平的评价提供了一种新的研究思路.     

A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION METHODS

This paper consists of two distinct but related parts.In the first part a geometric theory of generalizedinverses is presented and a methodology based on this theory is developed and applied to solve the K-matrix and P-matrix forms of Beer's law.It is shown that most currently accepted and practiced methodsfor solving these forms of Beer's law are just special cases of this geometric theory of generalized inverses.In addition,this geometric theory is used to explain why the current methods work and why they fail.In the second part a general methodology that includes as special cases least squares,principalcomponent regression,partial least squares 1 and 2,continuum regression plus a variety of otherdescribed and undescribed methodologies is presented and then applied to solve the P-matrix formulationof Beer's law.This general methodology,like the first,is also geometric in nature and relies on anunderstanding of projections.The main emphasis of this paper is one of perspective,which,if understood,provides the properfoundation for answering the general but extremely hard and possibly unanswerable question‘what isthe best method?’.     

成都市居民夏季舒适度的评判及分析

本文通过成都市1960～1984年夏季(7月)居民舒适度的模糊综合评判,论证了成都市因城市发展所带来的气候变化而引起的人体舒适度各级指标的变化规律,并应用主成份回归分析讨论了在城市发展各类指标中影响居民夏季舒适度的主要因子是:城市植树造林、房屋密度等,从而为成都市的规划建设等方面提供了具有实际参考价值的依据。     

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF SUCCESSIVE COMPLEX FORMATION DATA IN CU(II)-ETHANOLAMINE SYSTEMS

Application of principal component analysis to Cu(II)-ethanolamine complex formation data is shown.Determination of the number of complex species is obtained from the rank of the matrix of spectral datausing either Gauss elimination or factorial analysis.Relevant information concerning species distributionversus pH is obtained from the plot of the signficant factors upsurging from the evolution of spectraltitration data.     

基于协克立金方法的遥感图像融合

 协克立金方法是一种多元最优无偏的线性估值方法，已被广泛应用于许多领域。本文将协克立金方法应用于遥感图像的融合中，并与经典的基于主成分分析方法的融合结果进行定性和定量比较和分析。首先，通过计算实验变异函数，进行变异函数理论模型拟合； 然后，运用3种不同协克立金方法对较低分辨率的多光谱图像和较高分辨率的全色图像进行融合。实验结果表明： 基于简单协克立金方法融合的图像空间分辨率最好； 普通协克立金方法融合的图像光谱保真性最好； 标准化的协克立金方法融合的效果介于两者之间。