夏热冬暖地区住宅户式中央空调的能耗比较

针对夏热冬暖地区住宅空调的特点,结合广东省液化天然气一体化试点项目,对比不同形式户式中央空调额定工况一次能源利用率和全年平均一次能源利用率。结果表明:天然气应用于户式中央空调中,电制冷户式中央空调的能源利用效率比较高,尤以多联空调为最高。     

湖南省辰溪县石马湾区段找煤前景浅析

根据石马湾区段所处的区域构造位置,结合岩相古地理及聚煤规律的演化,运用成矿地质理论和方法,对区域内大面积出露的中侏罗统泸阳组地层下隐伏含煤岩系的含煤可能性进行了探讨,预测了区段内江口煤系资源预测量可达5 600万t,对下一步普查找煤工作具有一定的指导意义.     

井间声波层析成像技术在油田开发中的应用

这里叙述了在大港油田进行的羊11~12井和羊11~13井及港9~72~1井和港8~71~1井井间声波层析试生产的成果,层析图上含油砂体在二口井边棱的深度与以往地质和测井解释的油层深度相吻合,层析解释深度和测井解释的油层深度最大差异为0.8 m~1.6 m,并圈定了含油砂体的分布形态。表明了井间声波层析成像技术对查明油层横向分布,确定油层尖灭位置和圈定含油砂体的分布形态是有效的,同时也显示出井间声波层析成像作为一种油田开发、监测技术更具有潜力和应用前景。     

Effect of an acid mine drainage effluent on phytoplankton biomass and primary production at Britannia Beach, Howe Sound, British Columbia

We investigated the effect of acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned copper mine at Britannia Beach (Howe Sound, BC, Canada) on primary productivity and chlorophyll a levels in the receiving waters of Howe Sound before, during, and after freshet from the Squamish River. Elevated concentrations of copper (integrated average through the water column >0.050 mg l⁻¹) in nearshore waters indicated that under some conditions a small gyre near the mouth of Britannia Creek may have retained the AMD from Britannia Creek and from a 30-m deep water outfall close to shore. Regression and correlation analyses indicated that copper negatively affected primary productivity during April (pre-freshet) and November (post-freshet). Negative effects of copper on primary productivity were not supported statistically for July (freshet), possibly because of additional effects such as turbidity from the Squamish River. Depth-integrated average and surface chlorophyll a were correlated to copper concentrations in April. During this short study we demonstrated that copper concentrations from the AMD discharge can negatively affect both primary productivity and the standing stock of primary producers in Howe Sound.     

化工地质行业建立现代企业制度经营机制探讨——以明达化工地质公司下属企业改制实践为例

为适应社会主义市场经济的要求 ,明达化工地质公司按现代企业管理制度对下属三家企业在进行了股权结构改造的同时 ,以完善企业法人制度、规范企业组织制度、建立企业管理制度着手进行了改制 ,改制后又积极在转变经营机制、开拓市场空间、加强内部管理、控制生产成本 ,加强财会管理、转变公司财务结构 ,加强企业文化建设、树立公司形象等方面做了大量工作 ,取得了较为理想的效果。     

Addressing climate change under preferential trade agreements: Towards alignment of carbon standards under the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

With its wide coverage of economic spheres and the variety of trade and investment measures currently under negotiation, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership opens windows of opportunity for advancing action on climate change. We examine possible avenues and international trade law implications for an alignment of carbon-related standards between the EU and the US. We compare EU and US carbon emissions standards for cars and argue that negotiators should strive for a mutual recognition of their equivalence for a transitional period, while pursuing the goal of full harmonization at the level of the highest standards of two parties at some date in the future. This could be a way to balance between economic and environmental interests and harness economic incentives for the benefit of climate.     

An Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS Method for the Determination of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Ratios in Calcium Carbonate

Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in calcium carbonate are important components of many palaeoclimate studies. We present an isotope dilution method relying on a single mixed spike containing ²⁵Mg, ⁴³Ca and ⁸⁷Sr. Dozens of samples per day, as small as 10 μg of carbonate, could be dissolved, spiked and run in an ICP‐MS with a precision of 0.8% (2 RSD). Two instruments types, a sector field and a quadrupole ICP‐MS, were compared. The best long term precision found was 0.4% (2 RSD), although this increased by up to a factor of two when samples of very different Mg or Sr content were run together in the same sequence. Long term averages for the two instruments concurred. No matrix effects were detected for a range of Ca concentrations between 0.2 and 2 mmol l^‐1. Accuracy, tested by measuring synthetic standard solutions, was 0.8% with some systematic trends. We demonstrate the strength of this isotope dilution method for (a) obtaining accurate results for sample sets that present a broad Mg and Sr range and (b) testing solid carbonates as candidate reference materials for interlaboratory consistency. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca results for reference materials were in good agreement with values from the literature.     

Spatial and gender inequality in the Kenya certificate of primary education examination results

Kenya's 8-4-4 system of education consists of 8 years of primary education, 4 years of secondary education, and 4 years of university education. The system was introduced in 1985 with the primary aim of better aligning Kenya's education system with its development aspirations. In particular, the system sought to reduce youth unemployment by offering them life skills training as well as technical and vocational skills. At the completion of 8 years of primary education, students take the national Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) exam which tests students in five courses: English, Kiswahili, mathematics, science, and social studies and religious education (SSR). However, since the adoption of the 8-4-4 system, no comprehensive study of the spatial distribution of KCPE exam scores, especially by gender has been done. Thus, this study examines nationwide performance on the 2011 KCPE exam by gender using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistics. Examination scores derived from approximately 17,217 public primary schools and 630,625 students were used in the study. Point pattern analysis was subsequently used to extract useful information from the dataset. A hot spot and cold spot analysis was then performed to see if unusual concentrations of scores exist in space in terms of overall performance, performance by gender, and individual subject scores. Our results show an existence of significant variability in terms of overall performance, performance by gender, and individual subject scores; with males outperforming females in mathematics, science, and SSR. Additionally, we found that proximity to major road networks and urban centers positively influences student performance on the KCPE exam probably because these factors influence the availability of educational resources (such as books and teachers), masterly of English (the language of instruction), teacher supervision, and child teachability.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000644

正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue.     

The influence of the Tula,Hidalgo complex on the air quality of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Using an air quality model, this study shows how emissions from the “Miguel Hidalgo” refinery of Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) and the thermoelectric plant “Francisco Pérez Ríos” of the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE, Federal Electricity Commission) in Tula, Hidalgo influence the atmosphere of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The model couples meteorology and chemistry. The weather scenario encompasses the period from October 20-28, 2005. Two scenarios are compared: the first assumes a 40% reduction in emissions of NO_x, SO₂, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the Tula complex (reduction scenario), and the second considers the scenario without reduction (baseline scenario). The model is compared with measurements of the Red Automática de Monitoreo Atmosférico (Automatic Environmental Monitoring Network). We observe that under certain weather conditions, the energy sector of Tula, Hidalgo affects the air quality in the MCMA. The reduction scenario is effective in reducing SO₂ concentrations; however, despite a 40% decrease in the emissions of ozone precursors, their concentrations in the MCMA did not decrease.