南岳高山站风对赣北暴雨的指示作用

利用2005—2013年4—6月南岳站逐时风场观测资料、常规探空资料、自动站雨量资料及NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料（2.5°×2.5°）,分析南岳站气象要素对对流层低层环流场的代表性以及该站风演变对汛期赣北暴雨的指示作用。主要结果是：（1）南岳站逐日风与NCEP资料850 h Pa风场相关系数最大中心（0.72~0.78）位于南岳山附近,该站风对当地850 h Pa风具有较好的代表性;该站风与NCEP资料850 h Pa风场的平均相关系数（0.75）较之其与925 h Pa风场的平均相关系数（0.68）高,证明该站风与当地850 h Pa风场特征更接近。（2）探空站与南岳站距离越近（远）,其各种气象要素的相关性越好（差）,进一步证实南岳站气象要素对当地850 h Pa相应要素具有较好的代表性。（3）汛期,当满足＂南岳山西南风＋切变指标＂时,未来24 h赣北出现局部或区域暴雨的概率达89.8%;当满足＂南岳山西南风＋切变指标＂时,且当日20时至次日08时南岳站由非西南风转为西南风或由弱西南风转为较强西南风后,可预报未来4~18 h（平均10 h）赣北开始产生暴雨;赣北出现暴雨后,当南岳站由持续西南风转为偏北风后1~3 h强降水区开始逐步南压东移,6~17 h（平均10.5 h）后强降水区南压或东移出赣北。     

近50a阿勒泰地区大风的环流分型及预报

利用1961~2010年阿勒泰地区7个观测站地面大风观测资料,统计分析了阿勒泰地区大风日数的时空分布规律及变化特征,结合2007~2012年35个大风个例的历史天气图、ECMWF和T213数值预报产品,进一步分析了大风天气环流特征,总结归纳出不同天气形势下大风预报指标和预报方法,并进行检验。结果表明:阿勒泰地区年大风日数为30 d,春季最多,冬季最少;各县市大风日数年际变化差异较大,均呈明显减少趋势,就全区而言,其气候倾向率为-8.5 d/10 a;受地形显著影响,西北部为大风多发区,东部最少。根据环流形势特征,该区大风主要分为冷锋型、动量下传型、回流型、中小尺度型4种类型。根据归纳的大风预报指标及预报方法,得出该地区2011~2012年大风预报准确率为77%,效果较好,在预报业务中具有重要的参考价值。     

台风形成过程中三维结构变化的初步分析

采用NCEP/NCAR全球对流层1°×1°格点分析资料,选取2000年0008号台风Jelawat和0010号台风Bilis两个登陆台风个例,计算了这两个台风形成过程中切向平均风廓线、垂直速度场和位涡场,讨论了这2个台风形成过程中三维结构的变化特征.结果表明,在台风的形成过程中,最大风速增加,最大风速半径减小,垂直运动的范围从对流层中部向上向下扩张,垂直运动的强度增大;正的位涡在台风中心上空聚集;各物理量在对流层850 hPa、500 hPa的变化最为明显,在300 hPa相对较弱.     

中国天气发生器模拟非降水变量的效果评估

文中介绍了天气发生器BCC/RCG-WG基于谐波分析和多变量平稳过程对最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、相对湿度和平均风速等5个非降水变量的模拟模型,并根据中国669个站点1971-2000年的逐日气候资料(降水、最高气温,最低气温、日照时数、相对湿度和平均风速)计算了各站点的非降水变量的模拟参数.根据计算的模拟参数对中国...     

A Statistical Analysis on the Effect of Vertical Wind Shear on Tropical Cyclone Development

Using tropical cyclone (TC) best track and intensity of the western North Pacific data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1992-2002, the effects of vertical wind shear on TC intensity are examined. The samples were limited to the westward or northwestward moving TCs between 5°N and 20°N in order to minimize thermodynamic effects. It is found that the effect of vertical wind shear between 200 and 500 hPa on TC intensity change is larger than that of the shear between 500 and 850 hPa, while similar to that of the shear between 200 and 850 hPa. Vertical wind shear may have a threshold value, which tends to decrease as TC intensifies. As the intensifying rate of TC weakens, the average shear increases. The large shear has the obvious trend of inhibiting TC development. The average shear of TC which can develop into typhoon (tropical depression or tropical storm) is below 7 m s-1 (above 8 m s-1).     

QuikSCAT散射计矢量风统计特征及南海大风遥感分析

主要分析了QuikSCAT散射计矢量风资料的统计特征,并利用该资料分析了南海大风频数的月变化、空间分布特征以及南海各月风场的空间分布特征.结果显示QuikSCAT矢量风在南海具有可信性;利用散射计风场资料分析发现在南海主要盛行两种风,即冬季东北风和夏季西南风,东北风最大中心在巴士海峡、台湾海峡;南海中南部存在东北季风的次大中心和西南季风的极大中心.     

一次弓状回波、强对流风暴及合并过程研究Ⅱ：双多普勒雷达反演三维风场分析

利用济南和滨州两部新一代多普勒雷达反演的三维风场,分析了发展成熟和减弱阶段的弓状回波、强对流风暴的三维风场结构,以及两者合并过程的风场变化特征。结果表明：（1）弓状回波的头部和尾部分别对应气旋性和反气旋性环流,气旋性环流较强。在逗点云系阶段,回波强度、主上升气流,以及气旋和反气旋性环流开始减弱。（2）强对流风暴靠近处于...     

Remote Sensing of Three-dimensional Winds with Elastic Lidar: Explanation of Maximum Cross-correlation Method

Maximum cross-correlation provides a method toremotely de-ter-mine high-lyre-solved three-dimensional fields of horizontalwinds with e-las-tic li-darthrough-out large volumes of the planetaryboundary layer (PBL). This paperdetails the technique and shows comparisonsbetween elastic lidar winds, remotelysensed laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) windprofiles, and radiosonde winds.Radiosonde wind data were acquired at Barcelona,Spain, during the BarcelonaAir-Quality Initiative (1992), and the LDVwind data were acquired at SunlandPark, New Mexico during the 1994 Border AreaAir-Quality Study. Comparisonsshow good agreement between the differentinstruments, and demonstrate the methoduseful for air pollution management at thelocal/regional scale. Elastic lidar windscould thus offer insight into aerosol andpollution transport within the PBL. Lidarwind fields might also be used to nudge orimprove initialization and evaluation ofatmospheric meteorological models.     

THE STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BOUNDARY LAYER OVER HILL TERRAIN

Taking advantage of the actual continuous materials of hilly area, we analyse the structures of the wind and temperature fields of planetary bounday layer over hill terrain under different weather conditions. As the results show that being similar to the situation in flat area, the planetary boundary layer has striking characteristics of daily variation and distinct regularity. We also find that in certain weather situation or under certain weather condition, these characteristics are principally determined by complex effect of such factors as the features of specific radiation field and intensity of turbulent exchange, and the advection of wind, and the thermodynamic effect of valley or lake-land, and the extending direction of valley, as well as difference between states of sunlessness and sunshine of the surface. Therein, the local environmental situation, where the reference station stands, is of considerable importance to the formation of the characteristics of planetary boundary over hill terrain (shortened as HTBL). These results not only help us to disclose the characteristics of planetary boundary layer over hill terrain in theory, but also are of great value in practice, like developing hilly area, and implementing environment conservation etc.     

强降水天气对南宁市气溶胶主要组分的影响程度

分别对比分析了晴天无云和台风影响出现强降水条件下南宁市气溶胶的变化特征。结果表明：大的降水和大的风速对南宁市气溶胶有较大的清除作用,风速的作用要大于降水的作用;在一定的风速条件下,降水对气溶胶的冲刷作用有限,当降水量达到一定程度之后,降水对气溶胶主要组分的清除作用不再明显;降水和风速对PM10的影响比SO2的明显;晴天条件下,PM10浓度占主要优势,强降水条件下SO2浓度占优势;强降水天气未能屏蔽交通活动对南宁市气溶胶的影响。