基于b值的晋冀鲁豫交界区强震背景研究

以晋冀鲁豫交界区为研究对象, 利用古登堡的频次与震级关系式, 计算1970年1月~2018年6月该区b值, 进而判断未来强震危险地段。 计算结果显示, 邢台震源区西南端的未破裂区域为低b值异常区。 进一步研究该区的地壳物性结构等资料, 认为其具有高低速相间的地壳介质、 深切地幔的断裂、 大地震破裂空段等利于能量积累、 发生强震的特性。 综合分析认为, 低b值异常区附近的紫山西断裂与曲陌断裂交会区, 是未来晋冀鲁豫交界区最有可能发生强震的区域。     

Simulating the water budget of a Prairie Potholes complex from LiDAR and hydrological models in North Dakota,USA

Abstract

Hydrological processes of the wetland complex in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are difficult to model, partly due to a lack of wetland morphology data. We used Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data sets to derive wetland features; we then modelled rainfall, snowfall, snowmelt, runoff, evaporation, the “fill-and-spill” mechanism, shallow groundwater loss, and the effect of wet and dry conditions. For large wetlands with a volume greater than thousands of cubic metres (e.g. about 3000 m³), the modelled water volume agreed fairly well with observations; however, it did not succeed for small wetlands (e.g. volume less than 450 m³). Despite the failure for small wetlands, the modelled water area of the wetland complex coincided well with interpretation of aerial photographs, showing a linear regression with R² of around 0.80 and a mean average error of around 0.55 km². The next step is to improve the water budget modelling for small wetlands.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor X. Chen

Citation Huang, S.L., Young, C., Abdul-Aziz, O.I., Dahal, D., Feng, M., and Liu, S.G., 2013. Simulating the water budget of a Prairie Potholes complex from LiDAR and hydrological models in North Dakota, USA. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1434–1444.     

中国金的地球化学省及其成因的微观解释

利用全国1:20万区域化探扫面600×104km2和东天山、中蒙边界1:100万地球化学填图86×104km2的金分析数据,在全国圈定了15处金的地球化学省集中区,并发现与金矿成矿带或大型矿集区有关的地球化学省都具有多层套合结构特征。这种具有多层套合特征的地球化学省的形成是由高背景岩石、成矿作用和矿床风化产生的次生分散相互叠加的结果。高背景岩石提供了成矿元素的初始物源,成矿过程使得元素的进一步活化和富集,矿床风化产生元素的点源分散进一步形成叠加异常浓集中心,最后形成了具有多层套合的地球化学异常。通过使用微米和纳米观测手段发现地球化学样品中存在大量微米至纳米级金微粒,这种金微粒具有极强的活动性,能被各种营力作长距离搬运,形成了大规模具有多层套合特征的金地球化学省。     

吉黑东部花岗岩类中副矿物锆石、磷灰石、榍石的初步研究

吉黑东部花岗岩中副矿物种类繁多,特别是锆石、磷灰石、榍石广泛分布.它们在不同成因类型花岗岩中有些标型特征彼此有别,如锆石的颜色、晶形和群型特征,磷灰石的两种晶形REE分布模式及SrI值和榍石的不同世代、成因等,这些均有助于查明不同成因花岗岩的形成条件.因此,可以利用锆石、磷灰石、榍石的标型特征作为判别和划分花岗岩成因的辅助标志.     

Paleomagnetism of traps of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago

The paper presents results of paleomagnetic studies of traps of the Franz Josef Land (FJL) Archipelago. This area is considered to be part of the Barents Sea Large Igneous Province (LIP) and is usually associated with the Early Cretaceous stage of plume activity, by analogy with other manifestations of late Mesozoic trap magmatism in the High Arctic. Recent isotope-geochemical studies, however, suggest a much longer history of basaltoid magmatism in the FJL area, from Early Jurassic through Early Cretaceous, with three pulses at 190, 155, and ≈ 125 Ma. Given a significant difference in age, paleomagnetic directions and corresponding virtual geomagnetic poles are supposed to form discrete groups near the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic poles of Eastern Europe. However, the calculated virtual geomagnetic poles, on the contrary, show a single “cloud” distribution, with its center being shifted to the Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic poles of Siberia. The performed analysis demonstrates that the significant variance is caused mostly by the high-latitude position of the FJL and secular variations of the geomagnetic field during the formation of the traps. Products of the Early Cretaceous magmatism evidently prevail in the data sample. The coincidence of the average paleomagnetic pole of the FJL traps with the Early Cretaceous (145-125 Ma) interval of the apparent polar wander path of Siberia rather than Eastern Europe confirms the hypothesis of the Mesozoic strike-slip activity within the Eurasian continent. This activity might be a natural result of the evolution of the Arctic Ocean.     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑造山带构造发展样式

应用马杏垣教授倡导的构造解析方法,对湘赣边区ＮＮＥ 向走滑盆岭山链的构造发展过程及样式进行了研讨,论证了该地区前中生代ＥＷ 向古特提斯构造体系与中新生代ＮＮＥ向滨太平洋构造体系之间的立交桥式横跨叠加关系和构造背景,建立了华南陆壳俯冲 会聚走滑转换造山模型,提出了新华夏式变质核杂岩构造的新概念,并对其基本特征和形成机制进行了阐述。文中强调,发育在湘赣边区的ＮＮＥ 向走滑断裂是郯庐断裂带南段的主干成分,由ＮＥ３０°同向走滑断裂（Ｐ） 和ＮＷ３２０°反向走滑断裂（Ｒ′） 交织而成的雁列菱形网结系统是该断裂在地表的基本构造样式。大多数陆壳俯冲型和会聚走滑型的花岗岩都具剪切重熔成因,雁列的半地堑盆地和新华夏式变质核杂岩体主要受走滑 伸展变形场所控制。指出自晚三叠世以来,该地区曾经历了两次不同的重大构造转换和两个性质及发展趋向相反的走滑造山过程,即印支晚期的陆壳俯冲向陆内会聚走滑转换和侏罗纪时期的会聚走滑造山;早白垩世开始的会聚走滑向离散走滑转换和白垩纪－ 老第三纪的离散走滑造山。每次构造转换和构造变形对该地区的成岩成矿都起到了重要的作用。     

苏皖北部新元古界臼齿碳酸盐岩脉类型及其形成机理

苏皖北部新元古界碳酸盐岩地层中广泛发育臼齿碳酸盐岩脉体.根据这些脉体的产出特征,将其划分为两大类型.类型1主要产出于新元古界下部的刘老碑组、九里桥组和倪园组中,多形成于沉积期,脉体杂乱分布且与叠层石透镜体、砾屑、滑塌构造、冲刷沟槽、透镜状交错层理等共生.类型2主要产出于新元古界中、上部九顶山组、张渠组、魏集组和望山组中...     

东北三省资源环境基础的比较分析

东北地区的自然资源禀赋条件较好,森林、水、土地、能源和矿产5大类资源均有相当基础,以这5类资源作为评估指标,比较分析东北三省的资源环境基础保障程度.计算结果显示,黑龙江省资源环境基础保障程度最高、吉林省次之、辽宁省最低;三省资源环境基础整体均呈下降趋势,尤其是辽宁省的环境安全已达临界,应尽快采取措施加以保障.东北三省5种资源要素基础保障程度系数纵向排序各有不同,这与各省的资源禀赋、人口和经济发展等因素紧密相关.分析显示,增强东北地区的资源环境基础保障程度应提高资源利用效率、开发利用替代能源、贯彻执行国家政策分配节能减排指标,把东北地区建设成为"资源节约、环境友好"型地区.     

Upper Maastrichtian ammonite biostratigraphy of the Gulf Coastal Plain (Mississippi Embayment,southern USA)

The Cretaceous outcrop belt of the Mississippi Embayment in the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) spans the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. A detailed reconstruction of this time interval is critical for understanding the nature of biotic and environmental changes preceding the end-Cretaceous Mass Extinction event and for deciphering the likely extinction mechanism (i.e., bolide impact versus volcanism). Eight sections encompassing the K/Pg succession across the Mississippi Embayment were analyzed using biostratigraphic sampling of ammonites, dinoflagellates, and nannofossils. An upper Maastrichtian ammonite zonation is proposed as follows, from oldest to youngest: Discoscaphites conradi Zone, D. minardi Zone, and D. iris Zone. Our study documents that the ammonite zonation established in the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) extends to the GCP. This zonation is integrated with nannofossil and dinoflagellate biostratigraphy to provide a framework to more accurately determine the age relationships in this region. We demonstrate that ammonites and dinoflagellates are more reliable stratigraphic indicators in this area than nannofossils because age-diagnostic nannofossils are not consistently present within the upper Maastrichtian in the GCP. This biostratigraphic framework has the potential to become a useful tool for correlation of strata both within the GCP and between the GCP, Western Interior, and ACP. The presence of the uppermost Maastrichtian ammonite D. iris, calcareous nannofossil Micula prinsii, and dinoflagellates Palynodinium grallator and Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis suggests that the K/Pg succession in the GCP is nearly complete. Consequently, the GCP is an excellent setting for investigating fine scale temporal changes across the K/Pg boundary and ultimately elucidating the mechanisms causing extinction.     

四川强地震活动的可公度性初探

强地震活动表现为周期性或准周期性,在地震预测实践中用地震活动的分期、分幕来区分,也可用数学上的可公度性来研究强地震三要素之一的时间要素。