青藏高原湖泊沉积物对古气候环境变化的响应

随着全球变化研究的不断深入,青藏高原湖泊沉积物的研究得到很大发展。作为高分辨率古环境变化的“记录仪”,湖泊沉积物在重建晚第四纪全球环境变化中具有特殊的地位和意义。湖泊沉积物中储存的各种信息反映了矿物学、同位素地球化学、生物学、沉积学等方面对气候环境变化的响应。在古环境变化研究中,湖泊沉积物已经从定性化研究逐渐过渡到定量化研究。     

东太湖茭黄水发生原因与防治对策探讨

东太湖茭草分布面积３５．４７ｋｍ＾２。年生长量１２７６００ｔ,利用率９．７％,残留量高达１１５２０４ｔ,。折合单位湖面干物质残留量１７７４ｇ／ｍ＾２。这些茭草残体遇高温时迅速腐烂分解,向湖水中释放大量有机污染物质和氮,磷等生物元素、引起水质腐败,腐烂后的茭草残骸沉积在湖底,加速了湖泊的淤积变浅。     

The role of sediments in the phosphorus cycle in Lake Lugano. I. Geochemical approach

The bottom sediment from three coring stations in Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano) show major differences in their role in the P-cycles related to their geochemistry and characteristics of sedimentation. In the northern basin, the deepest sediment may be considered practically inactive, due to a permanently reduced condition at the sediment-water interface. In the southern basin, the sediments are active with respect to P-recycling with strong seasonal variations. One of the sites (Figino) behaves as a sink for P due to a high iron content and an important rate of detrital sedimentation.     

1977-2010年青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化与土地资源管理

青海湖流域是青海省主要牧场,也是青藏高原东北部重要的生态安全屏障.本文以1977、1987、2000、2004年和2010年遥感影像、MODIS NDVI为基础数据,通过数学模型、一元线性回归、景观格局指数的方法分析了青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖时空变化及景观格局特点,探讨了土地利用/覆盖变化的影响因素,最后提出青海湖环湖区土地资源管理建议.研究结果表明:近33年来青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化显著,草地、林地、水体等生态用地面积总体减少,耕地、建设用地、未利用地面积逐渐增加,土地利用/覆盖变化整体处于不平衡态,单向转换频繁;植被覆盖度总体微弱增加,变化趋势具有空间差异性;由于人类的定向选择,草地景观类型退化,景观格局趋向破碎化;土地利用/覆盖与景观格局变化是环湖区气温升高、降水增加、载畜量超载、旅游等因素共同作用的结果;基于土地利用/覆盖变化特点和影响因素,提出创建“生态友好”型土地资源管理模式,实现人地关系协调发展.     

A preliminary investigation of siliceous microfossil succession in late Quaternary sediments from Lake Baikal, Siberia

Siliceous microfossil assemblage succession was analyzed in a 100 m sediment core from Lake Baikal, Siberia. The core was recovered from the lake's central basin at a water depth of 365 m. Microfossil abundance varied greatly within the intervals sampled, ranging from samples devoid of siliceous microfossils to samples with up to 3.49 × 10¹¹ microfossils g^-1 sediment. Fluctuations in abundance appear to reflect trends in the marine ¹⁸O record, with peak microfossil levels generally representing climate optima. Microfossil taxa present in sampled intervals changed considerably with core depth. Within each sample a small number of endemic diatom species dominated the assemblage. Changes in dominant endemic taxa between sampled intervals ranged from extirpation of some taxa, to shifts in quantitative abundance. Differences in microfossil composition and the association of variations in abundance with climate fluctuations suggest rapid speciation in response to major climatic excursions.     

太湖和洪泽湖大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)体内元素的积累特征及产地判别

应用电感耦合等离子质谱仪分析技术分别研究了江苏太湖和洪泽湖水域大银鱼体内12种元素的生物积累特征.结果表明,两水域大银鱼体内元素含量的总体范围为:钙(Ca)9443-22150、钠(Na)1107-2418、镁(Mg)876.8-1231、钾(K)4662-9472、锌(Zn)74-135.8、锰(Mn)6.80-21.08、硒(Se)2.082-6.261、铜(Cu)0.489-2.704、铁(Fe)未检出-24.19、钻(Co)未检出-4.84、砷(As)0.123-0.587 mg,kg干重;镉(cd)未检出;必需元素丰富.太湖水域大银鱼中的Na、K、Cu、As、Se 的含量显著地高于洪泽湖水域大银鱼.而后者体内Ca、Mg、Zn的含量显著地高于前者.主成分分析显示出两水域鱼体多元素生物积累的整体"指纹"地理差异非常明显.在此基础上推导出了通过元素"指纹"来区分两地大银鱼个体的判别函数,正确率达100%.两水域大银鱼中毒性元素As和Cd的含量都远低于国家相应的限量标准.     

2001-2002年天目湖(沙河水库)浮游植物的生态学研究

2001年6月~2002年5月,对天目湖进行的浮游植物周年调查表明,天目湖共有浮游植物7门75属,其中年平均丰度为5026.20×104个/L,以蓝藻为主,占总丰度的54.45%;而年平均生物量为(15.364±9.103)mg/L,其中硅藻居首位,为6.634 mg/L,占浮游植物年平均生物量的43.18%;其周年变化是丰度和生物量最高值均出现在5月,丰度在5月和9月出现2个峰值,而生物量则在5、7、10月出现3个峰值。浮游植物丰度从大坝处1#点到河流入湖口的9#、10#点变化不明显但略有增加,而生物量则呈明显增加。通过对水温、透明度、营养盐与浮游植物丰度和生物量的线性回归分析发现,浮游植物丰度、生物量与水温、TP存在显著的正相关,而与N/P比、透明度存在显著性负相关,与TN相关性不是很明显。     

贵州红枫湖纹理沉积物中近代气温记录

本通过红枫湖纹理沉积物柱芯碳酸盐特征剖面与流域气温资料对比、沉积纹理年代校正以及早期成岩化学过程对碳酸盐沉积记录的改造作用等方面的研究，表明湖泊碳酸盐沉积记录基本不受早期成岩作用的影响，碳酸钙含量和ＣａＯ／ＭｇＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值可作为湖泊沉物中具高分辨率、短时间尺度的气温变化的代用指标。     

Farmer-based Rice Cropping Systems in the Poyang Lake Region,China: Analysis of Characteristics and Policy Implications

This paper examines the spatial characteristics of farmer/household behaviors in regional rice cropping systems (RCS), and the results provide necessary information for developing strategies that will maintain regional food security. Through field study and statistical analysis based on 402 households questionnaires finished in 2014-2015 in the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) of China, we arrived at two main conclusions. First, single- and double cropping rice were found across the study area, but showed a general distribution trend, with double cropping rice in the southeast part (especially in Jinxian county) and single cropping rice in the northwest (particularly in De’an county). Second, the household decisions concerning RCS varied in different parts of the PLR, but double cropping was the dominant type, with about 63.57% of the respondent households in the PLR cultivating double cropping rice. However, the multiple-cropping index of paddy rice was only 1.55. About 3% of interviewed households had altered their RCS during this period. Based on these findings, the local governments should guide farmers’ paddy field cultivation behaviors by increasing the comparative efficiency of rice production, promoting appropriate scale operations and land conversion, as well as optimizing rice growing conditions to improve the multiple cropping index and enhance food provision. Finally, land-use efficiency and more sustainable use of land resources should be improved.