论钾盐矿床的物质来源和找矿指示

讨论了钾及其有关物质的理化性质和行为规律,钾盐的物质来源,盐卤的变质,结晶分异,成矿条件和机制,认为富钾热液是形成钾盐矿床的重要的物质来源之一。矿物岩石流体包裹体的富钾成分、富钾热泉、富钾盐湖均是找寻钾盐矿床的重要指示。     

甲基硅酸盐抑制粘土水化性能及机理

泥页岩水化分散是引起钻孔孔壁失稳,导致缩径、掉块、坍塌等孔内事故的主要原因,泥页岩抑制剂一直是复杂地层钻进技术研究的热点。通过对甲基硅酸钾、甲基硅酸钠、氯化钾、硅酸钠、硅酸钾5种抑制剂对粘土沉降稳定性、水化膨胀及造浆效果等性能测试,结果表明甲基硅酸盐具有良好抑制性;通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、水接触角和光学显微镜对甲基硅酸钾的抑制性作用机理进行了探讨。明确了钾离子的抑制性与表面疏水膜结构协同是甲基硅酸钾抑制粘土水化和防塌作用的原因。     

微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性研究

对于新型白云母矿物——微晶白云母进行钛酸酯(JN-114)偶联剂表面改性实验研究结果表明:微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性工艺简单,偶联剂最佳用量范围1.0%~1.4%。红外光谱分析结果显示钛酸酯偶联剂可能是以物理吸附为主要方式包覆于微晶白云母粉体表面,该方法有效地改变微晶白云母的表面性质,使其在高分子有机物中的分散性大大提高,为其开发利用的又一低成本技术。     

柴达木盆地西部油田水钾硼锂富集规律及影响因素研究

在对国家“十五”科技攻关2004BA602B-08项目实施的基础上,通过对柴达木盆地西部主要构造油田水的分布特点分析,研究了油田水中主要组分及钾、硼、锂的富集规律,并进一步指出,气候环境、构造演化是油田卤水中主要物质组分富集最主要的影响因素。     

敦煌莫高窟北区岩体变异变形及修复对策

敦煌莫高窟北区岩体长期以来在特殊的地形地貌、气象水文、岩土性质、地质构造条件下,受人工开挖、重力、风蚀、雨蚀和洪水冲刷等共同作用,岩体发生风化、卸荷等变异以及崩塌、坍塌和危岩、开裂与裂隙(构造裂隙、卸荷裂隙)等多种变形,严重影响岩体的稳定和洞窟的安全。针对上述变异、变形破坏情况,采用PS材料加粉煤灰浆液灌浆封闭裂隙和岩面喷浆加固相结合的修复方法,有效地防止了岩体变异的进一步扩展和表面风化的加剧,减少了岩体变形和表面风化程度,使石窟得以保护和修复。该方法对黄土及干旱地区石窟保护具有良好的借鉴作用。     

土壤固钾与释钾机制研究进展

根据钾素在土壤中对作物的有效性，可将其分为速效钾、缓效钾和无效钾。各种形态钾素之间存在着渐变性，并处于一种动态平衡，其中，土壤钾素固定与释放对这一平衡产生重要影响，进而影响钾素的有效性。富含 2∶ 1型粘土矿物的土壤，不仅有丰富的缓效钾储量和较强的供钾能力，而且固钾能力也较强。在淋溶性较强的砂质土壤上，固钾作用可使钾素免受淋失，有利于保存肥力和提高肥效。但是，对于多数土壤来说，将使施入土壤的大部分钾素转化为非交换性钾，其中，只有小部分可被当季作物利用。在集约农业条件下，土壤的固定已成为提高钾素利用效率的主要障碍因素。系统阐述了钾素释放与固定的概念与过程，综述了影响钾素固定与释放的主要因素；系统分析了粘土矿物类型及其结构、土壤铵态氮肥和磷肥水平、土壤水分状况、有机物和羟基铝影响钾素固定、释放过程的作用机理；并指出了土壤钾素固定和释放研究领域的发展现状和重要动向。     

耕地土壤速效钾含量的空间预测方法研究

利用插值方法进行土壤属性的空间预测是土壤学科的研究热点之一,以土壤发生学相关信息作为辅助变量的克里格空间插值方法则少有研究。该文以成土母质多样的湖南省石门县为例,基于GS+、ArcGIS和Matlab,结合成土母质信息的克里格(PMK)插值方法,对研究区土壤速效钾空间分布进行了预测。结果表明,PMK法较好地解决了因成土母质间速效钾含量差异给预测带来的误差,预测精度较反距离权重(IDW)、普通克里格(OK)法分别提高了21.68%、16.43%;PMK法制作的空间预测图中速效钾分布突变而非渐变,较IDW、OK预测结果接近研究区实际情况,进而证明在成土母质较为复杂的地区,PMK法适合对土壤速效钾含量的预测。     

氯化钾生产中提高原矿使用率的研究

针对氯化钾生产中不同类型的光卤石原矿,因其镁钾比和钠钾比失调,而影响浮选工艺的控制,使最终产品质量和收率低下,不能使原矿得到充分有效利用。通过原矿的掺兑可以改善原矿的组成结构,并可调整原矿镁钾比和钠钾比。比例掺兑后不仅使原矿得到有效回收和利用,也大幅度提高了最终产品氯化钾的质量和产量,在实际生产中具有积极的推动作用。     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Progress in the investigation of potash resources in western China

Through the study of the geological conditions of potash deposits in China from recent years, a new understanding of potash theories has arisen that appropriate Chinese geological features. Important progress and substantial breakthroughs have been gained in the direction and management of potash prospecting: (1) Important breakthroughs in continental potassium prospecting: The “Quaternary gravel type deep potassium rich brine metallogenic model in western Qaidam” ensures Quaternary deep potassium rich brine prospecting will grow new KCl resources by 350 Mt, providing a resource guarantee for meeting the Chinese demand for sylvite. (2) The Marine facies potash prospecting shows good prospects: the determination of the new type of Triassic polyhalite potash ore deposits in Sichuan provide an important scientific basis for the establishment of exploration planning and the selection of exploration target areas for polyhalite minerals in the Sichuan Basin; The “two-storey potash deposits model” in southwestern Yunnan has been confirmed, which indicates prospects for the exploration of potash in the deeper Marine facies in southwestern Yunnan are likely to be successful. The discovery of a high concentration of rich bromite salt and potash salt in the Paleogene of the Kuqa depression and the southwestern Tarim region provides strong support for the likelihood large-scale potash deposits exist in these regions.