西部含锂、钾、镁、硼盐卤资源水盐体系相化学研究

从资源特点出发 ,分别回顾了含锂、钾、镁氯化物多元水盐体系 ,镁水泥体系 ,盐卤锂、钾卤化物水盐体系的相化学研究 ,概括了主要研究成果并指出实际应用上的关键问题 ,以及研究的主要内容。     

N—P—K复肥四元体系KCl—KH_2PO_4—CO（NH_2）_2—H_2O在

基于Ｎ—Ｐ—Ｋ三元复肥的物理化学基础．首次测定了四元体系ＫＣｌ—ＫＨ２ＰＯ４—ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２在２９８．２Ｋ时的溶度及饱和溶液的折光率，绘制了体系的溶度图和折光率──组成图。该体系的溶度图属低共饱型，平衡固相为组份化合物，低共饱点组成为：１００ｇ饱和溶液中．ＫＣｌ１３．３１ｇ，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４３．３３ｇ，ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２４７．２６ｇ，Ｈ２Ｏ３６．１０／１０ｇ。     

On the dose dependency of the bleachable and non-bleachable components of IRSL from K-feldspar: Improved procedures for luminescence dating of Quaternary sediments

The infrared (IR) stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) signals from K-feldspar can, for convenience, be divided into two components, bleachable and ‘non-bleachable’, where the latter corresponds to the ‘residual’ signal observed in sunlight-bleached samples. In this paper, we examine the non-bleachable component of IRSL of K-feldspar for several sedimentary samples from across Eurasia. We observed a large variability in the residual doses among these samples after prolonged exposure to sunlight. By employing multiple elevated temperature (MET) IR stimulations at 50–300 °C, we show that the residual dose increases systematically with stimulation temperature, attaining values as high as ∼50 Gy at 300 °C, even after several hours to tens of hours of exposure to unfiltered sunlight. We examined two samples in detail and found that the bleachable and non-bleachable components produced different dose response curves. Pulse annealing studies showed that the non-bleachable component is more stable than the bleachable component, suggesting that a preheat procedure cannot eliminate the non-bleachable component. Additional experiments revealed that the non-bleachable component is dose dependent. Owing to this dose dependency, we demonstrate mathematically and empirically that the simple subtraction of a residual dose from the measured equivalent dose (D_e) – which is the most common approach employed (if any residual dose is subtracted at all) – will result in underestimation of the actual D_e. We present a method to correct for the dose dependency of the residual dose, which can improve the accuracy of either MET-pIRIR or pIRIR age estimates for samples in which the non-bleachable component represents a significant fraction of the measured signals.     

溶剂萃取法制取硫酸钾中试及其新进展

描述了用工业硫酸和氯化钾为原料,萃取法制取硫酸钾新工艺及其工程化的新进展。研究了该工艺三相萃取过程的基本原理,列出了试验数据及经济技术评价。     

青藏高原盐湖战略性钾资源元素含量变化特征及影响因素

青藏高原盐湖赋存着丰富的钾资源元素。近年来,在全球变暖和大规模人工开发背景下,青藏高原盐湖卤水钾含量和矿化度发生显著变化。系统对比了青藏高原31个盐湖近年来和1990s之前卤水的钾离子含量和矿化度变化情况,分析其主要影响因素。结果显示,近年来青藏高原盐湖钾离子含量和矿化度总体呈现下降趋势,但不同盐湖变化程度不同;藏北高原、可可西里高原、西昆仑等地区盐湖主要受气候-构造-水文等自然因素影响,钾离子和矿化度下降明显;柴达木盆地盐湖受资源开发和人为干预等因素影响,卤水钾离子含量下降,而矿化度略有增加。     

钾的检测方法及其应用

就近年来钾检测方法及其应用进行综述,并着重对检测钾的方法—重量法、滴定法、离子选择电极法、离子色谱法、比浊法、原子吸收法、ICP-AES、X射线荧光法等进行了评述。为在化工、石油、地质、医药卫生、农业等领域提供了检测依据。     

甲基绿-高碘酸钾催化光度法测定痕量铂

利用痕量铂 (IV)在稀磷酸介质中对高碘酸钾氧化甲基绿褪色反应的催化作用 ,建立了测定痕量铂 (IV)的催化动力学光度法。方法检出限为 3.4× 10 - 1 0 g/mL ,线性范围为 0～ 2 4μg/L。用于催化剂及矿石中铂的测定 ,结果满意。     

Chemistry of marine resources－XIX． The molecule design and synthesis of crow－link type Alkyd resin and its enrichment behaviour For potassium ion in sea water

Ｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ－ＸＩＸ．Ｔｈｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｄｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｃｒｏｗ－ｌｉｎｋｔｙｐｅａｌｋｙｄｒｅｓｉｎａｎｄｉｔｓｅｎｒｉｃｈｍｅｎｔｂｅｈａｖｉｏｕｒｆｏｒｐｏｔａｓｓｉｕｍｉｏｎ...     

敦煌莫高窟北区岩体变异变形及修复对策

敦煌莫高窟北区岩体长期以来在特殊的地形地貌、气象水文、岩土性质、地质构造条件下,受人工开挖、重力、风蚀、雨蚀和洪水冲刷等共同作用,岩体发生风化、卸荷等变异以及崩塌、坍塌和危岩、开裂与裂隙(构造裂隙、卸荷裂隙)等多种变形,严重影响岩体的稳定和洞窟的安全。针对上述变异、变形破坏情况,采用PS材料加粉煤灰浆液灌浆封闭裂隙和岩面喷浆加固相结合的修复方法,有效地防止了岩体变异的进一步扩展和表面风化的加剧,减少了岩体变形和表面风化程度,使石窟得以保护和修复。该方法对黄土及干旱地区石窟保护具有良好的借鉴作用。     

微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性研究

对于新型白云母矿物——微晶白云母进行钛酸酯(JN-114)偶联剂表面改性实验研究结果表明:微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性工艺简单,偶联剂最佳用量范围1.0%~1.4%。红外光谱分析结果显示钛酸酯偶联剂可能是以物理吸附为主要方式包覆于微晶白云母粉体表面,该方法有效地改变微晶白云母的表面性质,使其在高分子有机物中的分散性大大提高,为其开发利用的又一低成本技术。