罗布泊富钾卤水矿床地球化学空间分布特征

罗布泊是我国最重要的成盐成钾盆地之一,富钾卤水资源丰富。在14年的工业开采过程中,不同矿层卤水的地球化学特征持续处于变化中。为了加强对不同矿区富钾卤水的地球化学空间分布特征的认识,合理开发利用卤水资源,本文应用克里金插值法,对2017年采集的89个常观孔卤水样品进行了空间分析,绘制了K~+、Cl~-、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Li~+、B~(3+)、SO_4~(2-)等值线图,并对其空间分布特征进行了综合分析,结果显示:K~+、Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、Li~+、B~(3+)等离子具有较为一致的分布趋势,其高值区主要分布在罗北凹地及腾龙矿区北部,低值区主要分布于罗北凹地北部及矿区西南部,而SO_4~(2-)分布趋势则相反;由于受周缘地区淡水补给的影响,矿区西南部、北部及东南部出现淡化现象,但是淡水只影响到W_1、W_2层,W_3层未见明显淡化现象;2017年罗布泊矿区K~+平均含量为8.83g/L,除受淡水影响区域外,矿区内大部分地区样品KCl品位均高于1%的工业单独开采品位,与开采前KCl品位相比,目前罗北凹地W_1储层KCl平均品位约下降了9.7%左右。     

Characteristics of biomass burning aerosol and its impact on regional air quality in the summer of 2003 at Gwangju, Korea

The main objective of this study is to investigate the chemical characteristics of biomass burning aerosol and its impact on regional air quality during an agricultural waste burning period in early summer in the rural areas of Korea. A 12-h integrated intensive sampling of biomass burning aerosol in the fine and coarse modes was conducted on 2–20 June 2003 in Gwangju, Korea. The collected samples were analyzed for concentrations of mass, ionic, elemental, and carbonaceous species. Average concentrations of fine and coarse mass were measured to be 67.9 and 18.7 μg m^− 3 during the biomass burning period, 41.9 and 18.8 μg m^− 3 during the haze period, and 35.6 and 13.3 μg m^− 3 during the normal period, respectively. An exceptionally high PM_2.5 concentration of 110.3 μg m^− 3 with a PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio of 0.79 was observed on 6 June 2003 during the biomass burning period. The potassium ratio method was used to identify biomass burning samples. The average ratio of potassium in the fine mode to the coarse mode (FK/CK) was 23.8 during the biomass burning period, 6.0 during the haze period, and 4.7 during the normal period, respectively. A FK/CK ratio above 9.2 was considered a criterion for biomass burning event in this study. Particulate matter from the open field burning of agricultural waste has an adverse impact on visibility, human health, and regional air quality.     

中国盐湖钾盐50年回顾与展望

从中国盐湖钾盐 5 0年回顾 ,充分阐述了中国盐湖资源多、大、富、全等特点 ,及科学家们取得的科技成果。针对中国盐湖钾盐综合利用和高值化开发 ,提出了几点建议。     

Potassium alum and aluminum sulfate micro-inclusions in polar ice from Dome Fuji,East Antarctica

Water-soluble trace constituents affect the physicochemical properties of polar ice. Their structural distribution provides important insights into the formation history of ice and inclusions. We report the first finding of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O (potassium alum) and Al₂(SO₄)₃·nH₂O (aluminum sulfate) micro-inclusions in the Dome Fuji ice core, East Antartica, using a micro-Raman technique. Eutectic temperatures of these water-soluble species determined using thermal analysis were −0.4 °C for potassium alum and −8.0 °C for aluminum sulfate. Although the formation process of the aluminum-bearing sulfates remains unclear, the occurrence of these salts largely depends on ice depth.     

《盐湖研究》合订本征订启事

<正>《盐湖研究》是原国家科委批准的学术类自然科学期刊,由中国科学院青海盐湖研究所主办,科学出版社出版,1993年创刊并在国内外公开发行。《盐湖研究》自公开发行以来,深受广大读者的厚爱,为了便于我刊读者和文献情报服务单位系统收藏,编辑部藏有94-95年、96-97年、98-     

羌塘盆地中生代钾盐矿成矿预测

位于青藏高原腹地的羌塘盆地是我国最大的中生代海相含油气盆地,盆地发育多套生储盖组合,其中蒸发岩的膏盐层往往作为油气藏研究的盖层。但盆地内蒸发岩大多只达到硫酸盐沉积阶段,盆地内是否存在古钾盐矿？最佳的钾盐矿成矿有利区域具体位于何处？保存的远景资源量有多少？通过青藏高原形成过程中微地块的碰撞和拼合历史。研究羌塘盆地中生代沉积和演化过程,厘清羌塘盆地钾盐主要富集在中生代侏罗系的局限台地相区域。结合地震勘探和构造演化史恢复,阐明只有在逆冲推覆构造之下的区域才可能保存钾盐矿。根据羌塘盆地侏罗系夏里组沉积相带分布范围,推测保存钾盐矿的两个有利区主要位于安多县北西方向,面积约8 000 km²。综合地表膏盐层分布和地球物理勘探推断的羌塘盆地中侏罗统石膏层厚度分布图,根据海水中析出石膏和钾盐的比例,结合推覆构造对侏罗系夏里组的保存比例,推测羌塘盆地保存的钾盐资源量约为11亿吨。该研究为进一步勘查古钾盐矿提供了明确的范围和方向。     

青藏高原盐湖战略性钾资源元素含量变化特征及影响因素

青藏高原盐湖赋存着丰富的钾资源元素。近年来,在全球变暖和大规模人工开发背景下,青藏高原盐湖卤水钾含量和矿化度发生显著变化。系统对比了青藏高原31个盐湖近年来和1990s之前卤水的钾离子含量和矿化度变化情况,分析其主要影响因素。结果显示,近年来青藏高原盐湖钾离子含量和矿化度总体呈现下降趋势,但不同盐湖变化程度不同;藏北高原、可可西里高原、西昆仑等地区盐湖主要受气候-构造-水文等自然因素影响,钾离子和矿化度下降明显;柴达木盆地盐湖受资源开发和人为干预等因素影响,卤水钾离子含量下降,而矿化度略有增加。     

老挝东泰钾盐矿区矿床控矿因素探析

通过对区域地质、构造和岩相古地理的研究,从成矿阶段的角度,将控矿因素分为背景控矿因素、沉积控矿因素、改造控矿因素。得出：背景因素为区域性盆地沉积环境形成条件;沉积控矿因素直接控制了工区石盐矿层的层理形态;改造控矿因素中,局部构造对矿层的改造是矿区盐层多呈背斜分布且轴部较两翼矿层大幅变厚的原因,钾石盐出现在光卤石矿层顶部是因为上部裂隙水或者封存的老卤水向下侵蚀光卤石矿层顶部,溶蚀了溶解度相对较大的MgCl2,而溶解度相对较小的KCl被保留下来,从而多在上盐层光卤石矿顶部形成再生或次生钾石盐矿。     

老挝东泰钾盐矿区矿床控矿因素探析

通过对区域地质、构造和岩相古地理的研究,从成矿阶段的角度,将控矿因素分为背景控矿因素、沉积控矿因素、改造控矿因素。得出:背景因素为区域性盆地沉积环境形成条件;沉积控矿因素直接控制了工区石盐矿层的层理形态;改造控矿因素中,局部构造对矿层的改造是矿区盐层多呈背斜分布且轴部较两翼矿层大幅变厚的原因,钾石盐出现在光卤石矿层顶部是因为上部裂隙水或者封存的老卤水向下侵蚀光卤石矿层顶部,溶蚀了溶解度相对较大的MgCl2,而溶解度相对较小的KCl被保留下来,从而多在上盐层光卤石矿顶部形成再生或次生钾石盐矿。     

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.